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Aluminum Toxicity in Plants: Present and Future

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Abstract

Toxic aluminum ions (Al3+) found in acidic soils are absorbed by plants and interact with multiple sites during plant development, affecting especially the root growth. The mechanisms by which plants cope with Al3+ stress are variable, and Al3+ can be excluded or accumulated internally. The molecular and physiological mechanisms associated with Al3+ response have been substantially studied. Thus, reviewing the findings about these mechanisms is important to portrait the state-of-the-art of Al3+ response in plants, highlight key results, identify research gaps, and ask new questions. In this paper, we discuss the current knowledge about DNA damage response induced by Al3+, as well as membrane transporters that avoid Al3+ toxicity in the apoplast, Al3+ exclusion mechanisms, how Al3+ influences plant nutrition, signaling pathways evoked by Al3+ affecting gene expression, changes in plant growth regulators concentrations caused by Al3+ toxicity, and beneficial effects of microorganisms on plants exposed to Al3+ stress. The future research on these topics is also discussed. The current and future knowledge of how plants cope with Al3+ stress is important to comprehend the inter- and intraspecies variability of Al3+ response and to pave the way for new molecular breeding targets that can improve plant performance under Al3+ stress.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Peter Ryan (CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Australia), Eric van der Graafffor (Koppert Cress B.V., The Netherlands), Miguel Piñeros (Cornell University, USA), Ruth Welti (Kansas State University, USA), and Idupulapati M. Rao (CIAT, Colombia) for valuable comments and discussions. Roghieh Hajiboland was supported by University of Tabriz, International and Academic Cooperation Directorate, in the framework of TabrizU-300 program. Oksana Lastochkina acknowledges the support from Federal Scientific Research Program of the State Academies of Sciences of Russian Federation (Grant No. AAAA-A21-121011990120-7). Gustavo Habermann acknowledges Brazilian National Council for Scientific Development (CNPq) for a research fellowship granted (307431/2020-7) and the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) for financial support (2017/26144-0). Jorge F Pereira acknowledges the financial support from the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) and the Minas Gerais Research Funding Foundation (FAPEMIG).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51666-16471, Iran

    Roghieh Hajiboland

  2. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India

    Chetan K. Panda

  3. Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054, Ufa, Russia

    Oksana Lastochkina

  4. Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil

    Marina A. Gavassi & Gustavo Habermann

  5. Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36038-330, Brazil

    Jorge F. Pereira

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Hajiboland, R., Panda, C.K., Lastochkina, O. et al. Aluminum Toxicity in Plants: Present and Future. J Plant Growth Regul 42, 3967–3999 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-022-10866-0

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