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The Physiological Relationship Between Abscisic Acid and Gibberellin During Seed Germination of Trichocline catharinensis (Asteraceae) Is Associated with Polyamine and Antioxidant Enzymes

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Abstract

An improved understanding of seed quality and germination control can contribute effectively to the use and conservation of neglected native species with ecological and economic value, such as Trichocline catharinensis, an endemic Asteraceae species from southern Brazil. We investigated the effects of applying gibberellin (GA3), abscisic acid (ABA) and their biosynthesis inhibitors, paclobutrazol (PAC) and fluridone (FLU), respectively, on T. catharinensis seed germination, and on polyamine (PA) content and antioxidant enzyme activities in germinating seeds. FLU and GA3 increased seed germination speed compared to treatment with H2O only. ABA inhibited both germination speed index and percentage, while PAC severely inhibited seed germination. The stimulatory effect of GA3 and FLU was associated with increased contents of putrescine (PUT) and spermidine (SPD) relative to spermine (SPM). As a result, high ratio (PUT + SPD/SPM) as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme activities were observed when seed germination occurs. In contrast, in low or no seed germination treatment (ABA and PAC), low ratio (PUT + SPD/SPM) was observed, while the antioxidant enzymes, mainly SOD activity, tended to increase. Application of PAs at 200 μM stimulated germination through improving the speed and uniformity, and this effect was associated with antioxidant enzyme activity. Our results suggest a relationship between PA and the antioxidant system with the physiological mechanism of seed germination. These results improve the physiological knowledge of seed germination control in Asteraceae and contribute to the biological groundwork for future studies on the use and conservation of native species.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

ADC:

Arginine decarboxylase

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

CAT:

Catalase

DAI:

Days after imbibition

DAO:

Diamine oxidases

FLU:

Fluridone

GA:

Gibberellin

GR:

Glutathione reductase

HCl:

Hydrochloric acid

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

H2O:

Water

IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid

GSI:

Germination speed index

ODC:

Ornithine decarboxylase

NBT:

Nitro tetrazolium Blue chloride

PAs:

Polyamines

PAC:

Paclobutrazol

PAO:

Polyamine oxidases

PGRs:

Plant growth regulators

POD:

Peroxidase

PUT:

Putrescine

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

SPD:

Spermidine

SPM:

Spermine

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Plant Developmental Physiology and Genetics Laboratory of the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The authors also thank the Laboratory of Morphogenesis and Plant Biochemistry of the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brazil (CAPES)-Finance Code 001.

Funding

This work was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Brazil) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Brazil). Grant Number of Neusa Steiner (311156/2017-7 457940/2014-0).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil

    Ana P. Lando, W. G. Viana, R. A. da Silva, C. D. D. Costa, Marisa Santos, Paulo T. Mioto & N. Steiner

  2. Department of Botany, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico – Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil

    Hugo P. F. Fraga

  3. Plant Developmental Physiology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88034-001, Brazil

    Miguel P. Guerra

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  1. Ana P. Lando
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Correspondence to N. Steiner.

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Lando, A.P., Viana, W.G., da Silva, R.A. et al. The Physiological Relationship Between Abscisic Acid and Gibberellin During Seed Germination of Trichocline catharinensis (Asteraceae) Is Associated with Polyamine and Antioxidant Enzymes. J Plant Growth Regul 39, 395–410 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-019-09990-1

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