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Excellent visible light photocatalytic degradation and mechanism insight of Co2+-doped ZnO nanoparticles

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Abstract

According to the literature, Co2+ ions effectively tune the electronic and optical properties of ZnO in photocatalytic applications. Herein, an excellent degradation efficiency of 99.7% for Direct Blue 71 (DB71) under visible light excitation is obtained using the high-purity Co2+-doped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The highest removal value is received at the level of the Co2+ ion of 3 mol%, the catalyst mass of 0.1 g, the initial DB71 concentration of 100 mg/L, and the pH value of 6. It is demonstrated that Co2+ could substitute for Zn2+ ions in the ZnO lattice at the low concentration (≤ 3 mol%) and locate the interstitial sites of Zn at the higher dopant level (≥ 5 mol%). The decrease in the optical-absorption edge with an increment in dopant level (1–7 mol%) could be attributed to charge carrier concentration and particles size. It is speculated that the degradation mechanism of DB71 is mainly based on the interaction between hydroxyl radicals (\(^{ \bullet } {\text{OH}}\)) and organic dye.

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Acknowledgements

This research is funded by the Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under grant number 103.02–2019.32. The authors would sincerely like to thank Dr. Pham Thi Mai Phuong—Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (AIST), Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST), for supporting the measurement of EPR spectra in this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong district, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam

    Pham Thi Lan Huong & Van Duong Dao

  2. Department of Chemistry, Hanoi Pedagogical University 2, Phuc Yen, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam

    Nguyen Van Quang

  3. Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong District, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam

    Manh-Trung Tran

  4. Faculty of Fundamental Science, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha-Dong district, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam

    Do Quang Trung & Nguyen Tu

  5. University of Transport Technology, Thanh Xuan, Ha Noi, 10000, Vietnam

    Dang Thi Bich Hop

  6. School of Information Technology and Digital Economics (SITDE), National Economics University (NEU), 207 Giai Phong Street, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam

    Tong Thi Hao Tam

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  1. Pham Thi Lan Huong
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Huong, P.T.L., Van Quang, N., Tran, MT. et al. Excellent visible light photocatalytic degradation and mechanism insight of Co2+-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Appl. Phys. A 128, 24 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-021-05140-1

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