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Sprinkler irrigation scheduling of winter wheat in the North China Plain using a 20 cm standard pan

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Abstract

Based on evaporation from a 20 cm diameter pan placed above the crop canopy, sprinkler irrigation scheduling of winter wheat was studied in the North China Plain (NCP) in the 2001–2004 winter wheat seasons. Results showed that pan evaporation (E pan,C) was closely related to actual evapotranspiration (ET) measured using weighing lysimeters. The combined pan–crop coefficient (K c,pan), the ratio of ET to E pan,C, was closely related to leaf area index (LAI ) and plant height. Data from the 2002–2003 season were used to establish the relationships between K c,pan and LAI (method A) or plant height (method B), and used to determine the crop coefficient (method C). ET computed by the three methods was compared with measured ET using lysimeters in the 2001–2002 and 2003–2004 seasons. Mean relative error of estimated daily ET by the three methods ranged from 20 to 30%, and the relative error in cumulative ET in the experimental periods ranged from 1 to 19%. Among the three methods, results from methods A and B were not significantly different from each other (P > 0.01), and were closer to the lysimeter data than results from method C (P < 0.001). Method B, being easier to measure, was recommended for ET estimation in NCP.

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Abbreviations

E pan :

evaporation from 20 cm pan (mm)

E pan,C :

evaporation from 20 cm pan placed above the top of the canopy (mm)

E pan,G :

evaporation from 20 cm pan at a meteorological station (mm)

ET:

actual crop evapotranspiration (mm)

ETmeasured :

ET measured using weighing lysimeters (mm)

ETestimated :

ET estimated using models (mm)

ET0 :

reference evapotranspiration calculated using FAO 56 Penman–Monteith method (mm)

H :

plant height (m)

H max :

maximal plant height in a winter wheat season (m)

K c :

crop coefficient

K c,pan :

combined pan–crop coefficient

K p :

pan coefficient

LAI:

leaf area index

LAImax :

maximal leaf area index in a winter wheat season

RE:

mean relative error

W base :

base water amount each applied to a 20 cm pan (mm)

W left :

water amount remaining in the 20 cm pan after a 24-h period of evaporation (mm)

R :

rainfall (mm)

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge Prof. G. Huang, Y. Cohen, G. Stanhill and Dr. W.H. Kudzo Dorgbetor for helpful suggestions during the course of the study and paper revision and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. The research is the part work of Project 40125002 supported by the National Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars, Project 50509025 supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China and Project WL2005003 supported by Key Lab of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Lab of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Process, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, 11A, Datun Road, Anwai, Bei**g, 100101, China

    Hai-Jun Liu & Yaohu Kang

  2. China Agricultural University (East campus), P.O. Box 151, Qinghua Donglu 17#, Bei**g, 100083, China

    Hai-Jun Liu

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  1. Hai-Jun Liu
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Correspondence to Yaohu Kang.

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Communicated by T. Trooien

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Liu, HJ., Kang, Y. Sprinkler irrigation scheduling of winter wheat in the North China Plain using a 20 cm standard pan. Irrig Sci 25, 149–159 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-006-0042-z

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