SpringerLink
Log in

A change-detection application on the evolution of Kahak playa (South Khorasan province, Iran)

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Environmental Geology

Abstract

Kahak salt playa in South Khorasan province of Iran, have special geomorphological characteristics by the presence of ephemeral saline lakes, wetlands, salt crusts, surface accumulations of salt and zones of patterned ground. Salt crusts in the soil surface are unique in the region and have laminated horizons in the playa soil. Soil-surface salt accumulations are dominated by NaCl and gypsum. It has been found that distribution of chemical soluble is not uniform across the playa landscape, and this result influences on the variety form of patterned ground. In this study, the percent changes in some of the chemical elements such as NaCl, gypsum and also brine extent have been calculated in the playa. Indicating changes in Kahak salt playa is the main aim of this study by using remote sensing and GIS techniques. In this paper, techniques such as spectral un-mixing, maximum likelihood classification, band rationing, fuzzy classification and correlation relationships are discussed. This contribution presents modeling of temporal and spatial changes of salinity and playa develo** using combined approaches that incorporate different data-fusion and data-integration techniques for two periods of date. Furthermore, percent changes in the surface-patterned ground of the playa have been calculated using texture and pattern analysis of the PCA1. Results have revealed that, in the playa develo**, chemical materials such as sodium, NaCl, gypsum and also brine extent are positively correlated with each other and the most increased changes are related to gypsum and the most decreased changes are related to the NaCl. Also changes in the amount of agricultural area in the playa-lakes margin, show low effects in the desertification process.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agarwal SC (1957) Pachapadra and Didwana salt source. Government of Indian Press, Delhi pp 206

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Khudhairy DHA, Leemhuis C, Hoffmann V, Shepherd IM, Calaon R, Thompson JR, Gavin H, Gasca-Tucker DL, Zalidis G, Bilas G, Papadimos D (2002) Monitoring wetland ditch water levels using Landsat TM and ground-based measurements. Photogrammetric Eng Remote Sens 68(8):809–818

    Google Scholar 

  • Al Saifi MM, Qary MYHT (1996) Application of Landsat Thematic Mapper data in sabkha studies at the Red Sea coast. Int J Remote Sens 17(3):527–536

    Google Scholar 

  • Armitage RP, Weaver RE, Kent M (2000) Remote sensing of semi-natural upland vegetation: the relationship between species composition and spectral response. In: Alexander R, Millington A (eds) Vegetation map**: from patch to planet. Wiley, Chichester, pp 83–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Baghdadi N, Bernier M, Gautier R, Neeson I (2001) Evaluation of C-band SAR data for wetlands map**. Int J Remote Sens 22(1):71–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birkett CM (2000) Synergistic remote sensing of Lake Chad: inundation. Remote Sens Environ 72(2):218–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boyce RL (1998) Fuzzy set ordination along an elevation gradient on a mountain in Vermont, USA. J Veg Sci 9(2):191–200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brabyan L (1998) GIS analysis of macro landform. In: Presented at the 10th colloquium of the Spatial Information Research Center, University of Otago, New Zealand, 16–19 November

  • Bryant RG (1999) Application of AVHRR to monitoring a climatically sensitive playa, case study: Chott El Djerid, Southern Tunisia. Earth Surf Process Landforms 24:283–302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bryant RG, Rainey MP (2002) Investigation of flood inundation on playas within the zone of Chotts, using a time-series of AVHRR. Remote Sens Environ 82:360–375

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burrough PA (2001) GIS and geostatistics: essential partners for spatial analysis. J Environ Ecol Stat 8(4):361–377

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burrough PA, McDonell RA (1998) Principles of geographical information systems. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook EA, Iverson LR (1991) Inventory and change detection of urban land cover in Illinois using Landsat Thematic Mapper data. Technical papers ACSM–ASPRS annual convention, vol. 3, Baltimore, pp 83–92

  • Cooke RV, Warren A, Goudie AS (1993) Desert geomorphology. UCL, London pp.526

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobson JE, Bright EA, Ferguson RL, Field DW, Wood LL, Haddad KD, Ireland H III, Jensen JR, Klemas VV, Orth RJ, Thomas JP (1995) NOAA coastal change analysis program (C-CAP): guidance for regional implementation. NOAA Technical Report NMFS 123. National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle

    Google Scholar 

  • Drake NA, Bryant RG (1994) Monitoring the flood ratio of Tunisian playas using advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) imagery. In: Millington AC, Pye K (eds) Environmental change in drylands: biogeographical and geomorphological perspectives. Wiley, New York, pp 347–364

    Google Scholar 

  • Dwivedi RS, Rao BRM, Bhattacharya S (1999) Map** wetlands of the Sundaban Delta and its environments using ERS-1 SAR data. Int J Remote Sens 20(11):2235–2247

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eastman RJ, Fulk M (1993) Long sequence time series evaluation using standardized principal components. Photogrammetric Eng Remote Sens 8:1307–1312

    Google Scholar 

  • ERDAS (2002) ERDAS field guide, 6th edn. ERDAS Inc., Atlanta pp 686

  • Evans F, Caccetta P (2000) Broad-scale spatial prediction of areas at risk from dryland salinity. Cartography 29:33–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Eyre MD, Luff ML, Staley JR, Telfer MG (2003) The relationship between British ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and land cover. J Biogeogr 30(5):719–730

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Florinsky I, Eiler R, Lelyk G (2000) Prediction of soil salinity risk by digital terrain modeling in the Canadian prairies. Can J Soil Sci 80:455–463

    Google Scholar 

  • Foody GM (2002) Uncertainty, knowledge discovery and data mining in GIS. Prog Phys Geogr 27:113–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geological survey of Iran (1992) Geological map of Birjand at scale of 1:250000 and 1:100000 and geological map of Mokhtaran at scale of 1:100000. Naghshe, Tehran

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh B (1964) Geomorphological aspects of the formation of salt basins in western Rajasthan. In: Proceedings of the symposium on problems of Indian arid zone. Ministry of Education, Government of India and UNESCO, CAZRI, Jodhpur, pp 79–83

  • Ghosh B, Singh S, Kar A (1977) Desertification around the Thar—a geomorphological interpretation. Ann Arid Zone 16:290–301

    Google Scholar 

  • Glennie KW, Evans G (1976) A reconnaissance of the recent sediments of the Ranns of Kutch, India. Sedimentology 23:625–647

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gong P, Howarth PJ (1990) The use of structural information for improving land-cover classification accuracies at the rural–urban fringe. Photogrammetric Eng Remote Sens 56(1):67–73

    Google Scholar 

  • Gopal S, Woodcock C (1994) Theory and methods for accuracy assessment of thematic maps using fuzzy sets. Photogrammetric Eng Remote Sens 60:181–188

    Google Scholar 

  • Goudie AS (1991) Pans. Prog Phys Geogr 15(3):221–237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goudie AS, Wells GL (1995) The nature, distribution and formation of pans in arid zones. Earth Sci Rev 38:1–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall A (1995) Change detection, ER Mapper 5.0 applications. Earth Resource Map** Pty Ltd, San Diego pp 47–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris AR (1994) Time series remote sensing of a climatically sensitive lake. Remote Sens Environ 50:83–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hunsaker CT, Goodchild MF, Friedl MA, Case TJ (eds) (2001) Spatial uncertainty in ecology. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

  • Kasishke ES, Bourgeau-Chavez LL (1997) Monitoring South Florida wetlands using ERS-1 SAR imagery. Photogrammetric Eng Remote Sens 63(3):281–291

    Google Scholar 

  • Krapilskaya NM, Sadov AV (1987) Aerospace monitoring of hydrogeological conditions and reclamation status of lands in southern Aral coastal strip. Probl Desert Dev 1:22–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambin EF, Strahler AH (1994) Change-vector analysis: a tool to detect and categorize land-cover change processes using high temporal-resolution satellite data. Remote Sens Environ 48:231–244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lillesand TM, Kieffer RW (2000) Remote sensing and image interpretation, 4th edn. Wiley, New York, pp 724

    Google Scholar 

  • Lotfi Zadeh A (1965) Fuzzy sets. Inf Control 8:338–353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu D, Mausel P, Brondizio E, Moran E (2004) Change detection techniques. Int J Remote Sens 25(12):2365–2407

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nakayama Y, Tanaka S, Sugimura T, Endo K (1997) Analysis of hydrological changes in lakes of Asian arid zone by satellite data. In: Cecchi G, Engman ET, Zilioli E (eds) Earth surface remote sensing, proceedings of SPIE—the international society for optical engineering, vol. 3222, Bellingham, Washington, pp 201–210

  • Ramkumar M, Berner Z, Stueben D (2002) Multivariate statistical discrimination of selected carbonate petrographic classifications: implications on applicability of classified systems and predictability of petrographic types. Chem Erde (Geochemistry) 62:145–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rao BRM, Dwivedi RS, Kushwaha PS, Bhattacharia SN, Anand JB, Dasgupta S (1999) Monitoring the spatial extent of coastal wetlands using ERS-1 SAR data. Int J Remote Sens 20(13):2509–2517

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richards JA, Jia X (1999) Remote sensing digital image analysis, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 363

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy AB (1999) Evolution of saline lakes in Rajasthan. Curr Sci 76:290–295

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider SR, McGinnis JRDF, Stephens G (1985) Monitoring Africa’s lake Chad basin with Landsat and NOAA satellite data. Int J Remote Sens 6(1):59–73

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh A (1989) Digital change detection techniques using remotely-sensed data. Int J Remote Sens 10:989–1003

    Google Scholar 

  • Singhvi AK, Kar A (1992) Thar Desert in Rajasthan—land, man and environment. Geological Society of India, Bangalore pp 186

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinha-Roy S (1986) Himalayan collision and indentation of Aravalli orogen by Bundelkhand wedge: implications for neotectonics in Rajasthan. In: Proceedings of the international symposium on neotectonics in south Asia, Dehradun, India, pp 18–21

  • Sonnenfeld P (1989) Part I. Genesis of evaporites. In: Sonnenfeld P, Perthuisot JP (eds) Brines and evaporites. Short course in geology, vol. 3. American Geophysical Union, Washington, pp 3–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Townsend PA, Walsh SJ (2001) Remote sensing of forested wetlands: application of multitemporal and multispectral satellite imagery to determine plant community composition and structure in southeastern USA. J Plant Ecol 157(2):129–149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verdin JP (1996) Remote sensing of ephemeral water bodies in western Nigeria. Int J Remote Sens 17(4):733–748

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson A (1979) Gypsum crusts in deserts. J Arid Environ 2:3–20

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank Birjand Agricultural Organization for their assistance in obtaining the materials. Supported to this study by the Graduate office of Tabriz University. Iranian Space Agency allowing us to use the Landsat TM scene is gratefully acknowledged for. Our sincere thanks are due to Professor Dr M. Moazzen, Department of Geology, Tabriz University of Iran for his valuable suggestions during the preparation of revised manuscript. Thanks are also due to the anonymous reviewers for their critical and valuable suggestions, which helped to improve the text in the present form.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physical Geography, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran

    Mohammad Hossein Rezaei Moghaddam & Mahdi Saghafi

Authors
  1. Mohammad Hossein Rezaei Moghaddam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mahdi Saghafi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammad Hossein Rezaei Moghaddam.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Rezaei Moghaddam, M.H., Saghafi, M. A change-detection application on the evolution of Kahak playa (South Khorasan province, Iran). Environ Geol 51, 565–579 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0352-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0352-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation