Abstract
In a study screening anaerobic microbes utilizing d-galactitol as a fermentable carbon source, four bacterial strains were isolated from an enrichment culture producing H2, ethanol, butanol, acetic acid, butyric acid, and hexanoic acid. Among these isolates, strain BS-1 produced hexanoic acid as a major metabolic product of anaerobic fermentation with d-galactitol. Strain BS-1 belonged to the genus Clostridium based on phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences, and the most closely related strain was Clostridium sporosphaeroides DSM 1294T, with 94.4% 16S rRNA gene similarity. In batch cultures, Clostridium sp. BS-1 produced 550 ± 31 mL L−1 of H2, 0.36 ± 0.01 g L−1 of acetic acid, 0.44 ± 0.01 g L−1 of butyric acid, and 0.98 ± 0.03 g L−1 of hexanoic acid in a 4-day cultivation. The production of hexanoic acid increased to 1.22 and 1.73 g L−1 with the addition of 1.5 g L−1 of sodium acetate and 100 mM 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES), respectively. Especially when 1.5 g L−1 of sodium acetate and 100 mM MES were added simultaneously, the production of hexanoic acid increased up to 2.99 g L−1. Without adding sodium acetate, 2.75 g L−1 of hexanoic acid production from d-galactitol was achieved using a coculture of Clostridium sp. BS-1 and one of the isolates, Clostridium sp. BS-7, in the presence of 100 mM MES. In addition, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production by Clostridium sp. BS-1 from d-galactitol and d-glucose was enhanced when a more reduced culture redox potential (CRP) was applied via addition of Na2S·9H2O.
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This work was supported by the New & Renewable Energy of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) grant funded by the Korea government Ministry of Knowledge Economy (No. 2009T100100337).
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Fig. S1
Total ion current chromatogram of VFAs produced in sludge culture broth. Peak no. 3 in the hexane extraction (A) and no 4. in the ethyl acetate extraction (B) are defined as hexanoic acid in a sludge culture utilizing d-galactitol. (PDF 1231 kb)
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Jeon, B.S., Kim, BC., Um, Y. et al. Production of hexanoic acid from d-galactitol by a newly isolated Clostridium sp. BS-1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 88, 1161–1167 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-010-2827-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-010-2827-5