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MHC evolution in three salmonid species: a comparison between class II alpha and beta genes

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An Erratum to this article was published on 01 April 2011

Abstract

The genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are amongst the most variable in vertebrates and represent some of the best candidates to study processes of adaptive evolution. However, despite the number of studies available, most of the information on the structure and function of these genes come from studies in mammals and birds in which the MHC class I and II genes are tightly linked and class II alpha exhibits low variability in many cases. Teleost fishes are among the most primitive vertebrates with MHC and represent good organisms for the study of MHC evolution because their class I and class II loci are not physically linked, allowing for independent evolution of both classes of genes. We have compared the diversity and molecular mechanisms of evolution of classical MH class II α and class II β loci in farm populations of three salmonid species: Oncorhynchus kisutch, Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salmo salar. We found single classical class II loci and high polymorphism at both class II α and β genes in the three species. Mechanisms of evolution were common for both class II genes, with recombination and point mutation involved in generating diversity and positive selection acting on the peptide-binding residues. These results suggest that the maintenance of variability at the class IIα gene could be a mechanism to increase diversity in the MHC class II in salmonids in order to compensate for the expression of one single classical locus and to respond to a wider array of parasites.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Constanza Cárdenas for her help in the comparative analysis with human MHC. We would also like to thank El Golfo fisheries and ADL Dignostics S.A. for providing reliable fish samples.

Funding

This work was supported by CORFO-Innova (grant number PBT-165 to S.M.); D.G. holds a pre-doctoral scholarship from CONICYT, Chile.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Matemáticas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile

    Daniela Gómez, Pablo Conejeros & Sergio H. Marshall

  2. Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Edward Llwyd Building Penglais Campus, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, Wales, UK

    Sofia Consuegra

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  1. Daniela Gómez
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  2. Pablo Conejeros
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  4. Sofia Consuegra
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Correspondence to Sofia Consuegra.

Additional information

The nucleotide sequences reported in this paper were registered in the NCBI database under GenBank accession numbers FJ597489-FJ597492, FJ597494, FJ597495, FJ597498, FJ597500, FJ597501, FJ597504, FJ597509, FJ597510, FJ597512, FJ597514, FJ597515, FJ597517- FJ597519, FJ597521-FJ597530, FJ597532- FJ597538, FJ943245-FJ943255 and GQ375895-GQ375899.

An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00251-011-0522-z

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Gómez, D., Conejeros, P., Marshall, S.H. et al. MHC evolution in three salmonid species: a comparison between class II alpha and beta genes. Immunogenetics 62, 531–542 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-010-0456-x

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