Abstract
Microorganisms are the driver of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation in soil micro-ecological systems. However, the distribution characteristics of microbial communities and hydrocarbon degradation dynamics during the remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil by enhancing moisture content are not clear. In this study, polymerase chain reaction and high-throughput sequencing of soil microbial DNA were applied to investigate the compositions of microorganisms and alpha diversity in the oil-polluted soil, and the hydrocarbon removal also being analyzed using ultrasonic extraction and gravimetric method in a laboratory simulated ex-situ experiment. Results showed the distribution of petroleum hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms in the petroleum-contaminated loessal soil mainly was Proteobacteria phylum (96.26%)—Gamma-proteobacteria class (90.03%)—Pseudomonadales order (89.98%)—Pseudomonadaceae family (89.96%)—Pseudomonas sp. (87.22%). After 15% moisture content treatment, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes still were the predominant phyla, but their relative abundances changed greatly. Also Bacillus sp. and Promicromonospora sp. became the predominant genera. Maintaining 15% moisture content increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum and Bacillus sp. As the moisture-treated time increases, the uniformity and the richness of the soil bacterial community were decreased and increased respectively; the relative abundance of Pseudomonas sp. increased. Petroleum hydrocarbon degradation by enhancing soil moisture accorded with the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetic model (correlation coefficient of 0.81; half-life of 56 weeks). The richness of Firmicutes phylum and Bacillus sp. may be a main reason for promoting the removal of 18% petroleum hydrocarbons responded to 15% moisture treatment. Our results provided some beneficial microbiological information of oil-contaminated soil and will promote the exploration of remediation by changing soil moisture content for increasing petroleum hydrocarbon degradation efficiency.
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Funding
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21577109), the Program for Innovative Research Team in Shaanxi (PIRT) (Grant No. 2013KCT-13), the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2015JM5163), and the Key Laboratory Project of the Shaanxi Provincial Education Department (13JS048).
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Liu, H., Gao, H., Wu, M. et al. Distribution Characteristics of Bacterial Communities and Hydrocarbon Degradation Dynamics During the Remediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soil by Enhancing Moisture Content. Microb Ecol 80, 202–211 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-019-01476-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-019-01476-7