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Diversity and Distribution of Thermophilic Bacteria in Hot Springs of Pakistan

  • Environmental Microbiology
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Abstract

Chilas and Hunza areas, located in the Main Mantle Thrust and Main Karakoram Thrust of the Himalayas, host a range of geochemically diverse hot springs. This Himalayan geothermal region encompassed hot springs ranging in temperature from 60 to 95 °C, in pH from 6.2 to 9.4, and in mineralogy from bicarbonates (Tato Field), sulfates (Tatta Pani) to mixed type (Murtazaabad). Microbial community structures in these geothermal springs remained largely unexplored to date. In this study, we report a comprehensive, culture-independent survey of microbial communities in nine samples from these geothermal fields by employing a bar-coded pyrosequencing technique. The bacterial phyla Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi were dominant in all samples from Tato Field, Tatta Pani, and Murtazaabad. The community structures however depended on temperature, pH, and physicochemical parameters of the geothermal sites. The Murtazaabad hot springs with relatively higher temperature (90–95 °C) favored the growth of phylum Thermotogae, whereas the Tatta Pani thermal spring site TP-H3-b (60 °C) favored the phylum Proteobacteria. At sites with low silica and high temperature, OTUs belonging to phylum Chloroflexi were dominant. Deep water areas of the Murtazaabad hot springs favored the sulfur-reducing bacteria. About 40% of the total OTUs obtained from these samples were unclassified or uncharacterized, suggesting the presence of many undiscovered and unexplored microbiota. This study has provided novel insights into the nature of ecological interactions among important taxa in these communities, which in turn will help in determining future study courses in these sites.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Key Project of International Cooperation of Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) (No. 2013DFA31980), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31470139), Yunnan Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2013FA004), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant (No. 2016M602566), and Visiting Scholar grant of State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-Sen University (No. SKLBC14F02). W-J Li was also supported by the Hundred Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Guangdong Province Higher Vocational Colleges and Schools Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme (2014).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People’s Republic of China

    Arshia Amin, **ao-Yang Zhi & Wen-Jun Li

  2. Institute of Microbial Culture Collection of Pakistan (IMCCP), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan

    Arshia Amin & Iftikhar Ahmed

  3. Department of Microbiology, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan

    Arshia Amin

  4. State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People’s Republic of China

    Nimaichand Salam, Min **ao & Wen-Jun Li

  5. Chun Lab Inc., Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of South Korea

    Byung-Yong Kim

  6. Environmental Genomics Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, 440024, India

    Dharmesh Singh

  7. Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, **njiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, 830011, People’s Republic of China

    Wen-Jun Li

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  1. Arshia Amin
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Amin, A., Ahmed, I., Salam, N. et al. Diversity and Distribution of Thermophilic Bacteria in Hot Springs of Pakistan. Microb Ecol 74, 116–127 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-017-0930-1

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