High-resolution sonography of the abnormal cranial suture

Abstract

Objective. The purpose of this investigation is to elucidate the sonographic features of abnormal major cranial sutures. Materials and methods. Eight excised synostosed suture specimens were evaluated. The high-resolution sonographic appearance was correlated with the histological section, plain radiographs, CT and MRI. Diastatic and molded sutures were also evaluated with sonography and compared with the normal cranial suture appearance. Results. Synostosed sutures demonstrated one or more of the following features: (a) loss of echo-poor fibrous gap between bony plates (five sagittal and coronal synostoses); (b) irregular thickened inner sutural margin (three lambdoid synostoses); (c) loss of bevelled edge (one lambdoid synostosis); (d) asymmetric anterior fontanelle (one coronal synostosis). Cranial molding results in an overlap of echogenic bony plates. Sutural width (the distance between bony plates) is increased in cases of elevated intracranial pressure. Conclusion. Sonography is an inexpensive, radiation-free modality which can confirm synostosis versus molding versus an underlying intracranial lesion as a cause of plagiocephaly. The high-resolution sonographic images also provide a relatively easy means to assess sutural width and may provide information in regard to increased intracranial pressure.