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Human Health Risks Associated with Metals from Urban Soil and Road Dust in an Oilfield Area of Southeastern Algeria

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Abstract

Hassi Messaoud town is a recent city that is situated inside the oil field, which hosts an important petroleum extraction field and refinery. Large-scale and long-term oil refinery and corresponding industrial activities may contaminate the surrounding soil/dust and could lead to pollution levels that can affect human health. The soil and road dust samples were analysed for different trace elements: copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). Geo-accumulation index (I geo), pollution index (PI), and integrated pollution index (IPI) were calculated to evaluate the heavy metal contamination level of urban soil and road dust. The I geo values indicate unpolluted to moderate polluted of investigated metals in the soil samples. The assessment results of PI support the results of I geo, and IPI indicates heavy metals in road dust polluted seriously. The noncarcinogenic health risk assessment shows that ingestion of soil/dust particles is the route for exposure to heavy metals, followed by dermal adsorption. The human exposure risk assessment based on different exposure pathways showed that the hazard index (HI) was <1.0 for all of the elements. The relative exposure risk (noncarcinogenic) was greater for toddlers. Although the overall risk was within the acceptable limit of 1.00, the HI of Pb from the soil (0.103) and road dust (0.132) was close to the threshold limits, which over the long-term may pose a health risk.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Pr Smail Mehennaou (Laboratory of LESPA, University of Batna), Hefouda Lamine for the metal analysis and express gratitude to Hessania Adnan (Sonatrach DP), Laouissat Mohammed for their field support in Hassi Messaoud. Thank you finally to Mr. AMIRA Soufiane for assistance in the analytical procedure.

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  1. Scientific and Technical Research Centre for Arid Areas (C.R.S.T.R.A), RN N°3 BP 360, Ain Sahara, Nezla, Touggourt, Algeria

    Mohammed Lamine Benhaddya, Abdelaziz Boukhelkhal & Youcef Halis

  2. Laboratory of Science, Technology and Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry - LSTGP, University of Sciences and Technology Mohamed Boudiaf Oran - USTO-MB, BP 1505 El M’Naouer, 31000, Oran, Algeria

    Mohammed Lamine Benhaddya & Mohammed Hadjel

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  1. Mohammed Lamine Benhaddya
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Correspondence to Mohammed Lamine Benhaddya.

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Benhaddya, M.L., Boukhelkhal, A., Halis, Y. et al. Human Health Risks Associated with Metals from Urban Soil and Road Dust in an Oilfield Area of Southeastern Algeria. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 70, 556–571 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-015-0244-6

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