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Evolutionary History of Eukaryotic α-Glucosidases from the α-Amylase Family

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Abstract

Although some α-glucosidases from the α-amylase family (glycoside hydrolase family GH13) have been studied extensively, their exact number, organization on the chromosome, and orthology/paralogy relationship were unknown. This was true even for important disease vectors where gut α-glucosidase is known to be receptor for the Bin toxin used to control the population of some mosquito species. In some cases orthologs from related species were studied intensively, while potentially important paralogs were omitted. We have, therefore, used a bioinformatics approach to identify all family GH13 α-glucosidases from the selected species from Metazoa (including three mosquito species: Aedes aegypti, Anopheles gambiae, and Culex quinquefasciatus) as well as from Fungi in an effort to characterize their arrangement on the chromosome and evolutionary relationships among orthologs and among paralogs. We also searched for pseudogenes and genes coding for enzymatically inactive proteins with a possible new function. We have found GH13 α-glucosidases mostly in Arthropoda and Fungi where they form gene families, as a result of multiple lineage-specific gene duplications. In mosquito species we have identified 14 α-glucosidase (Aglu) genes of which only five have been biochemically characterized so far, two are putative pseudogenes and the rest remains uncharacterized. We also revealed quite a complex evolutionary history of the eukaryotic α-glucosidases probably involving multiple losses of genes or horizontal gene transfer from bacteria.

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Abbreviations

CSR:

Conserved sequence region

GH:

Glycoside hydrolase

GPI:

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol

ML:

Maximum likelihood

MP:

Maximum parsimony

MY:

Million years

MYA:

Million years ago

NJ:

Neighbor-joining

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Acknowledgments

I would like to thank Dr. Stefan Janecek, my supervisor, for all his support and encouragement. This work was supported by the Grant No. 2/0148/11 from the Slovak Grant Agency VEGA.

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  1. Laboratory of Protein Evolution, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, SK-84551, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Marek Gabriško

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Correspondence to Marek Gabriško.

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Table S1 Proteins used in the phylogenetical analysis (xlsx file) Supplementary material 1 (XLSX 45 kb)

239_2013_9545_MOESM2_ESM.pdf

Fig. S1 Phylogenetic trees of α-glucosidases and related proteins from the α-amylase family (pdf file)Supplementary material 2 (PDF 398 kb)

Fig. S2 Multiple sequence alignment of eukaryotic α-glucosidases (pdf file)Supplementary material 3 (PDF 1291 kb)

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Gabriško, M. Evolutionary History of Eukaryotic α-Glucosidases from the α-Amylase Family. J Mol Evol 76, 129–145 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-013-9545-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-013-9545-4

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