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Ultrasound-air-assisted demulsified liquid–liquid microextraction by solidification of a floating organic droplet for determination of three antifungal drugs in water and biological samples

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Abstract

A novel ultrasound-air-assisted demulsified liquid–liquid microextraction by solidification of a floating organic droplet (UAAD-LLM-SFO) followed by HPLC-UV detection was developed for the analysis of three antifungal drugs in water and biological samples. In this method, 1-dodecanol was used as the extraction solvent. The emulsion was rapidly formed by pulling in and pushing out the mixture of sample solution and extraction solvent for 5 times repeatedly using a 10-mL glass syringe while sonication was performed. Therefore, an organic dispersive solvent required in common microextraction methods was not used in the proposed method. After dispersing, an aliquot of acetonitrile was introduced as a demulsifier solvent into the sample solution to separate two phases. Therefore, some additional steps, such as the centrifugation, ultrasonication, or agitation of the sample solution, are not needed. Parameters influencing the extraction recovery were investigated. The proposed method showed a good linearity for the three antifungal drugs studied with the correlation coefficients (R 2 > 0.9995). The limits of detection (LODs) and the limits of the quantification (LOQs) were between 0.01–0.03 μg L−1 and 0.03–0.08 μg L−1, respectively. The preconcentration factors (PFs) were in the range of 107–116, respectively. The precisions, as the relative standard deviations (RSDs) (n = 5), for inter-day and intra-day analysis were in the range of 2.1–4.5% and 6.5–8.5%, respectively. This method was successfully applied to determine the three antifungal drugs in tap water and biological samples. The recoveries of antifungal drugs in these samples were 92.4–98.5%.

Ultrasound-air-assisted demulsified liquid–liquid microextraction by solidification of a floating organic droplet for the analysis of three antifungal drugs prior HPLC-UV

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Acknowledgments

Support of this investigation by the research council of Payame Noor University is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran

    Maryam Ezoddin, Mehran Shojaie & Mohammad Ali Karimi

  2. Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran

    Khosrou Abdi

  3. Drug Design and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran

    Khosrou Abdi

Authors
  1. Maryam Ezoddin
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  2. Mehran Shojaie
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  4. Mohammad Ali Karimi
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Correspondence to Maryam Ezoddin.

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The authors declare that they have are no conflicts of interest.

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Written informed consent was obtained from the healthy volunteer who donated urine samples.

Ethical approval

Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization before collection and analysis of human blood samples.

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Ezoddin, M., Shojaie, M., Abdi, K. et al. Ultrasound-air-assisted demulsified liquid–liquid microextraction by solidification of a floating organic droplet for determination of three antifungal drugs in water and biological samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 409, 2119–2126 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-0158-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-0158-9

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