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Recent advances in the design of organic polymer monoliths for reversed-phase and hydrophilic interaction chromatography separations of small molecules

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Abstract

Owing to their favorable porous structure with pore size distribution shifted towards large flow-through pores, organic polymer monoliths have been mainly employed for the separation of macromolecules in gradient elution liquid chromatography. The absence of significant amounts of small pores with a stagnant mobile phase and the resulting low surface area were considered as the main reason for their poor behavior in the isocratic separation of small molecules. Several recent efforts have improved the separation power of organic polymer monoliths for small molecules offering column efficiency up to tens of thousands of plates per meter. These attempts include optimization of the composition of polymerization mixture, including the variation of functional monomer, the cross-linking monomer, and the porogen solvents mixture, adjustment of polymerization temperature, and time. Additionally, post-polymerization modifications including hypercross-linking and the use of carbon nanostructures showed significant improvement in the column properties. This review describes recent developments in the preparation of organic polymer monoliths suitable for the separation of small molecules in the isocratic mode as well as the main factors affecting the column efficiency.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support by Grant Agency of Czech Republic projects P206/12/0398 and P206/12/P049 is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic

    Jiri Urban & Pavel Jandera

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  1. Jiri Urban
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  2. Pavel Jandera
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Correspondence to Pavel Jandera.

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Published in the topical collection Monolithic Columns in Liquid Phase Separations with guest editor Luis A. Colon.

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Urban, J., Jandera, P. Recent advances in the design of organic polymer monoliths for reversed-phase and hydrophilic interaction chromatography separations of small molecules. Anal Bioanal Chem 405, 2123–2131 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-6392-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-6392-x

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