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Focused ultrasound solid–liquid extraction and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry determination of brominated flame retardants in indoor dust

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Abstract

This study presents a focused ultrasound solid–liquid extraction (FUSLE) and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs), from mono- to hexa-congeners, in indoor dust. This approach provided a simple, fast, and economical method. After the solvent extraction selection, the FUSLE conditions were studied using a central composite design. Finally, the number of extraction cycles was studied. The selected conditions were 8 mL of 3:1 n-hexane-acetone mixture as extraction solvent, at a power of 65% for 20 s. The proposed method allowed accurate determination of BDEs, with recovery values around 100% and detection limits between 0.05 and 0.8 ng g−1. It also has advantages over other existing methods in terms of simplicity, analysis time, and solvent consumption. The analysis of several indoor dust samples showed high concentration values of BDEs 47, 99, 100, 153, and 154 in some of the samples, moreover, BDEs 47 and 99 were found in all samples.

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Acknowledgments

The Spanish Ministry of Education and Science is thanked for supporting this work through the CTM 2010-16935 project (within the Spanish National Scientific Research, Development and Technological Innovation Plan co-financed with FEDER funds). The University of La Rioja is also thanked for the FPI grant.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of La Rioja, C/Madre de Dios 51, 26006, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain

    María Pilar Martínez-Moral & María Teresa Tena

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  1. María Pilar Martínez-Moral
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  2. María Teresa Tena
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Correspondence to María Teresa Tena.

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Published in the special paper collection Progress on Environmental and Bioanalysis in Spain with guest editors Alfredo Sanz-Medel and Elena Domínguez.

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Martínez-Moral, M.P., Tena, M.T. Focused ultrasound solid–liquid extraction and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry determination of brominated flame retardants in indoor dust. Anal Bioanal Chem 404, 289–295 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-5967-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-5967-x

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