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Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction using an in situ metathesis reaction to form an ionic liquid extraction phase for the preconcentration of aromatic compounds from water

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Abstract

A novel microextraction method is introduced based on dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) in which an in situ metathesis reaction forms a water-immiscible ionic liquid (IL) that preconcentrates aromatic compounds from water followed by separation using high-performance liquid chromatography. The simultaneous extraction and metathesis reaction forming the IL-based extraction phase greatly decreases the extraction time as well as provides higher enrichment factors compared to traditional IL DLLME and direct immersion single-drop microextraction methods. The effects of various experimental parameters including type of extraction solvent, extraction and centrifugation times, volume of the sample solution, extraction IL and exchanging reagent, and addition of organic solvent and salt were investigated and optimized for the extraction of 13 aromatic compounds. The limits of detection for seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons varied from 0.02 to 0.3 µg L−1. The method reproducibility produced relative standard deviation values ranging from 3.7% to 6.9%. Four real water samples including tap water, well water, creek water, and river water were analyzed and yielded recoveries ranging from 84% to 115%.

A method is introduced based on ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (IL DLLME) in which an in-situ metathesis reaction forms a water immiscible ionic liquid that pre-concentrates aromatic compounds from water followed by separation using high performance liquid chromatography.

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Acknowledgements

J.L.A. acknowledges funding from the Analytical and Surface Chemistry Program in the Division of Chemistry and the Separation and Purification Processes Program in the Chemical, Environmental, Bioengineering, and Transport Systems Division from the National Science Foundation for a CAREER grant (CHE-0748612)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street; MS 602, Toledo, OH, 4360, USA

    Cong Yao & Jared L. Anderson

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  1. Cong Yao
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  2. Jared L. Anderson
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Correspondence to Jared L. Anderson.

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Yao, C., Anderson, J.L. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction using an in situ metathesis reaction to form an ionic liquid extraction phase for the preconcentration of aromatic compounds from water. Anal Bioanal Chem 395, 1491–1502 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-009-3078-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-009-3078-0

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