Abstract
Methods used to determine phenotype and genotype for pharmacogenetic polymorphisms are discussed. Phenoty** is mainly applicable to polymorphisms affecting drug disposition rather than drug response and can involve either direct measurement of enzyme activity or administration of a probe drug followed by measurement of drug and/or metabolite levels. Genoty** is now more widely used than phenoty** and can be used to determine genotype for polymorphisms affecting either drug disposition (for example those in the cytochromes P450 or N-acetyltransferases) or drug response (for example those in drug receptors). Most genoty** for known polymorphisms involves use of the polymerase chain reaction and the wide variety of methods based on this technique that are now used for routine genoty** are discussed in detail. In addition, a range of methods that can be used to detect novel polymorphisms, thereby further increasing understanding of interindividual variability in drug disposition and response, is described.
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Daly, A.K. Development of analytical technology in pharmacogenetic research. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 369, 133–140 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-003-0794-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-003-0794-4