Abstract.
In this paper, a number of robust biased estimators (e.g. ordinary robust ridge estimator, robust principal components estimator, robust combined principal components estimator, robust single-parametric principal components estimator, robust root-root estimator) are established by means of a unified expression of biased estimators and based on the principle of equivalent weight. The most attractive advantage of these new estimators is that they can not only overcome the ill-conditioning of the normal equation but also have the ability to resist outliers. A numerical example is used to illustrate that these new estimators are much better than the least-squares estimator and various biased estimators even when both ill-conditioning and outliers exist.
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Received: 14 November 1995/Accepted: 11 February 1998
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Gui, Q., Zhang, J. Robust biased estimation and its applications in geodetic adjustments. Journal of Geodesy 72, 430–435 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/s001900050182
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s001900050182