SpringerLink
Log in

Creep behavior analysis of additively manufactured fiber-reinforced components

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
  • Published:
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This research study reports the creep behavior analysis of the new composite materials manufactured by 3D printing technology. Nylon was used as a polymer matrix, and carbon fiber, Kevlar, and fiberglass were used as reinforcing agents. Since the properties of 3D-printed components are usually insufficient for robust engineering applications, adding reinforcing fibers improves the performance of these components for several engineering applications. Fiber-reinforced additive manufacturing (FRAM) is an almost 4-year-old technology. Additionally, there is not sufficient research on the behavior of FRAM components specifically at high temperatures. Therefore, the investigation of the high-temperature behavioral analysis of FRAM components was focused on in this study. Creep properties of the composite specimens reinforced by different fibers were measured by the dynamic mechanical thermal analysis system. The statistical analyses were conducted to analyze the experimental data using mathematical models. The microstructural analysis was performed to further investigate parts’ morphology, 3D printing quality, and fracture mechanisms. The results indicated that the creep compliance of reinforced composite specimens was significantly improved in comparison with pure nylon. Overall, this paper presents quantitative creep analysis results demonstrating the capabilities of FRAM components to be used for several engineering applications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price includes VAT (Germany)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Dizon JRC, Espera AH, Chen Q, Advincula RC (2018) Mechanical characterization of 3D- printed polymers. 20:44–67

  2. Eftekhari M, Fatemi A (2015) Tensile, creep and fatigue behaviours of short fibre reinforced polymer composites at elevated temperatures: a literature survey. 38(12):1395–1418

  3. Wang J, Li H, Liu R, Li L, Lin Y-H, Nan C-W (2018) Thermoelectric and mechanical properties of PLA/Bi0·5Sb1·5Te3 composite wires used for 3D printing. 157

  4. Ilardo R, Williams CB (2010) Design and manufacture of a Formula SAE intake system using fused deposition modeling and fiber-reinforced composite materials. 16(3):174–179

  5. Chohan JS, Singh R (2016) Enhancing dimensional accuracy of FDM based biomedical implant replicas by statistically controlled vapor smoothing process. 1(1–2):105–113

  6. Madhav CV, Kesav RSNH, Narayan YS (2016) Importance and utilization of 3D printing in various applications. 3(5):24–29

  7. Aw Y, Yeoh C, Idris M, Amali H, Aqzna S, Teh P (2017) A study of tensile and thermal properties of 3D printed conductive ABS–ZnO composite, AIP Publishing. 1835(1):020008

  8. Wang X, Jiang M, Zhou Z, Gou J, Hui D (2017) 3D printing of polymer matrix composites: a review and prospective. 110:442–458

  9. Niaza KV, Senatov FS, Stepashkin AS, Anisimova NY, Kiselevsky MV (2017) Long-term creep and impact strength of biocompatible 3D-printed PLA-based scaffolds. Trans Tech Publ 13:15–20

    Google Scholar 

  10. Kao Y-T, Dressen T, Kim DSD, Ahmadizadyekta S, Tai BL (2015) Experimental investigation of mechanical properties of 3D-printing built composite material. 145(6):904–913

  11. Gardiner G (2018) 3D printing composites with continuous fiber

  12. Hopkins PM, Norris T, Chen A (2017) Creep behavior of insulated concrete sandwich panels with fiber-reinforced polymer shear connectors. 172:137–146

  13. Sridhar R (2017) A review on cyclic strength of fiber reinforced soil. 12(1):33–46

  14. Türk D-A, Brenni F, Zogg M, Meboldt M (2017) Mechanical characterization of 3D printed polymers for fiber reinforced polymers processing. 118:256–265

  15. Quill TJ, Smith MK, Zhou T, Baioumy MGS, Berenguer JP, Cola BA, Kalaitzidou K, Bougher TL (2017) Thermal and mechanical properties of 3D printed boron nitride–ABS composites. 1–13

  16. Masood S, Song W (2005) Thermal characteristics of a new metal/polymer material for FDM rapid prototy** process. 25(4):309–315

  17. Hwang S, Reyes EI, Moon K-S, Rumpf RC, Kim NS (2015) Thermo-mechanical characterization of metal/polymer composite filaments and printing parameter study for fused deposition modeling in the 3D printing process. 44(3):771–777

  18. Trhlíková L, Zmeskal O, Psencik P, Florian P (2016) Study of the thermal properties of filaments for 3D printing, AIP Publishing. 1752(1):040027

  19. Singh R, Sandhu GS, Penna R, Farina I (2017) Investigations for thermal and electrical conductivity of ABS-graphene-blended prototypes. 10(8):881

  20. De Monte M, Moosbrugger E, Quaresimin M (2010) Influence of temperature and thickness on the off-axis behaviour of short glass fibre reinforced polyamide 6.6–cyclic loading. 41:10:1368–1379

  21. Mohamed OA, Masood SH, Bhowmik JL (2017) Experimental investigation of creep deformation of part processed by fused deposition modeling using definitive screening design. 18:164–17

  22. Zhang H, Cai L, Golub M, Zhang Y, Yang X, Schlarman K, Zhang J (2018) Tensile, creep, and fatigue behaviors of 3D-printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. 27(1):57–62

  23. Imeri A (2017) Investigation of the mechanical properties for fiber reinforced additively manufactured components. Tennessee Technological University, vol. MSc

  24. Garg A, Bhattacharya A (2017) An insight to the failure of FDM parts under tensile loading: finite element analysis and experimental study. 120:225–236

  25. Love LJ, Kunc V, Rios O, Duty CE, Elliott AM, Post BK, Smith RJ, Blue CA (2014) The importance of carbon fiber to polymer additive manufacturing. 29(17):1893–1898

  26. Guessasma S, Belhabib S, Nouri H, Hassana OB (2016) Anisotropic damage inferred to 3D printed polymers using fused deposition modelling and subject to severe compression. 85:324–340

  27. Forster AM (2015) Materials testing standards for additive manufacturing of polymer materials

  28. Ning F, Cong W, Hu Y, Wang H (2017) Additive manufacturing of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites using fused deposition modeling: effects of process parameters on tensile properties. 51(4):451–462

  29. Jiang D, Smith D (2017) Mechanical behavior of carbon fiber composites produced with fused filament fabrication

  30. Robinson D, Binienda W, Ruggles M (2003) Creep of polymer matrix composites. I: Norton/Bailey creep law for transverse isotropy. 129(3):310–317

  31. Kogo Y, Hatta H, Kawada H, Machida T (1998) Effect of stress concentration on tensile fracture behavior of carbon-carbon composites. 32(13):1273–1294

  32. Goto K, Hatta H, Takahashi H, Kawada H (2001) Effect of shear damage on the fracture behavior of carbon–carbon composites. 84(6):1327–1333

  33. Hatta H, Suzuki K, Shigei T, Somiya S, Sawada Y (2001) Strength improvement by densification of C/C composites. 39(1):83–90

  34. Goto K, Ohkita H, Hatta H, Iseki H, Kogo Y (2007) Tensile strength and creep behavior of carbon-carbon composites at elevated temperatures

  35. Coulon A, Lafranche E, Douchain C, Krawczak P, Ciolczyk J, Gamache E (2017) Flexural creep behaviour of long glass fibre reinforced polyamide 6.6 under thermal-oxidative environment. 51(17):2477–2490

  36. Schultz J, Friedrich K (1984) Effect of temperature and strain rate on the strength of a PET/glass fibre composite. 19(7):2246–2258

  37. Takahashi R, Shohji I, Seki Y, Maruyama S (2014) Effect of fiber direction and temperature on mechanical properties of short fiber-reinforced PPS. IEEE:778–781

  38. Sakai T, Hirai Y, Somiya S (2011) Effect of crystallinity and fiber volume fraction on creep behavior of glass fiber reinforced polyamide. Springer. pp. 159–164

  39. Kahl S, Ekström H-E, Mendoza J (2014) Tensile, fatigue, and creep properties of aluminum heat exchanger tube alloys for temperatures from 293 K to 573 K (20 C to 300 C). 45(2):663–681

  40. Torić N, Brnić J, Boko I, Brčić M, Burgess IW, Uzelac I (2017) Experimental analysis of the behaviour of aluminium alloy EN 6082AW T6 at high temperature. 7(4):126

Download references

Acknowledgment

The technical support provided by Dr. Holly Stretz, Mr. Moamen Elkelany and Mr. Garrett Perry is greatly appreciated.

Funding

This study has been funded by the Center for Manufacturing Research and T.S. McCord Endowment of the College of Engineering.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department and Center for Manufacturing Research, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, USA

    M. Mohammadizadeh & A. Imeri

  2. Manufacturing and Engineering Technology Department, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, USA

    I. Fidan

  3. Mathematics Department, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, USA

    M. Allen

Authors
  1. M. Mohammadizadeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. I. Fidan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. Allen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. Imeri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to I. Fidan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mohammadizadeh, M., Fidan, I., Allen, M. et al. Creep behavior analysis of additively manufactured fiber-reinforced components. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 99, 1225–1234 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-2539-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-2539-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation