Abstract
This paper deals with the development of an empirical relationship to predict tensile strength of friction stir welded AZ61A magnesium alloy. The process parameters such as tool rotational speed, welding speed, axial force and tool pin profile play a major role in deciding the tensile strength. The response surface method (RSM) was used to develop the empirical relationship. The four-factor, five-level central composite design was used to minimize the number of experimental conditions. The developed empirical relationship can be effectively used to predict tensile strength of friction stir welded AZ61A magnesium alloy joints at 95 % confidence level.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Kulekci MK (2008) Magnesium and its alloys applications in automotive industry. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 39:851–865
Afrin N, Chen DL, Cao X, Jahazi M (2008) Microstructure and tensile properties of friction stir welded AZ31B magnesium alloy. Mater Sci Eng, A 472:179–186
Chen YC, Liu H, Feng J (2006) Friction stir welding characteristics of different heat-treated-state 2219 aluminium alloy plates. Mater Sci Eng, A 420:21–25
Lee WB, Yeon Y-M, Jung S-B (2004) Mechanical properties related to micro structural variation of 6061 Al alloy joints by friction stir welding. Mater Trans 45(5):1700–1705
Liu HJ, Fuji H (2003) Mechanical properties of friction stir welded joints of 1050-H 24 aluminium alloy. Sci Technol Weld Join 8(6):450–454
Myers RH, Montgomery DH (1995) Response surface methodology. Wiley, USA, p 705
Esparza JA, Davis WC, Trillo EA, Murr LE (2002) Friction stir welding of magnesium alloy AZ31B. J Mater Sci Lett 21:917–920
Lee WB, Yeon YM, Jung SB (2003) Joint properties of friction stir welded AZ31B-H24 magnesium alloy. Mater Sci Techno 19:785–790
Sunggon L, Kim S, Lee C, Yim C, Kim SJ (2005) Tensile behaviour of friction-stir-welded AZ31-H24 Mg alloy. Metall Mater Trans A 36A:1609–1612
Wang XH, Wang KS (2006) Microstructure and properties of friction stir butt welded AZ31 magnesium alloy. Mater Sci Eng A431:114–117
Pareek M, Polar A, Rumiche F, Indacochea JE (2007) Metallurgical evaluation of AZ31B-H24 magnesium alloy friction stir welds. Mater Eng Perform 16(5):655–662
Dhanapal A, Rajendra BS, Balasubramanian V (2011) Develo** an empirical relationship to predict the corrosion rate of friction stir welded AZ61A magnesium alloy under salt fog environment. Mater Des 32:5066–5072
Padmanaban G, Balasubramanian V (2009) Selection of FSW tool pin profile, shoulder diameter and material for joining AZ31B magnesium alloy – an experimental approach. Mater Des 30:2647–2656
Rajakumar S, Muralidharan C, Balasubramanian V (2011) Influence of friction-stir-welding process and tool parameters on strength properties of AA7075-T6 aluminium alloy joints. Mater Des 32:535–543
Elangovan K, Balasubramanian V (2008) Effect of tool pin profile and axial force on the formation of friction stir processing zone in AA6061 aluminium alloy. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 38:285–295
Rajakumar S, Muralidharan C, Balasubramanian V (2010) Optimization of the friction-stir-welding process and the tool parameters to attain a maximum tensile strength of AA7075-T6 aluminium alloy. J Eng Manuf 224:1175–1191
Rajakumar S, Muralidharan C, Balasubramanian V (2010) Establishing empirical relationships to predict grain size and tensile strength of friction stir welded AA 6061-T6 aluminium alloy joints. Trans Non Ferr Met Soc 20:1863–1872
Miller I, Freund JE, Johnson (1999) Probability and statistics for engineers. Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi
ASTM E8-04 Standard test methods for tension testing of metallic materials. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2004, DOI: 10.1520/E0008-04
Montgomery DC (2007) Design and analysis of experiments, 5th edn. Wiley, New York
Rajakumar S, Muralidharan C, Balasubramanian V (2011) Predicting tensile strength hardness and corrosion rate of friction-stir-welded AA6061-T6 aluminium alloy joints. Mater Des 32:2878–2890
Lee WB (2004) Mechanical properties related to microstructural variation of 6061 Al alloy joints by friction stir welding. Mater Trans 45(5):1700–1705
Lee WB, Yeon YM, Jung S-B (2003) The joint properties of dissimilar formed Al alloys by friction stir welding according to the fixed location of materials. Script Mater 49:423–428
Buffa G, Hua J, Shivpuri R, Fratini L (2006) Design of the friction stir welding tool using the continuum based FEM model. Mater Sci Eng A419:389–396
Zhang HW, Zhang Z, Chen JT (2005) The finite element simulation of the friction stir welding process. Metall Mater Trans A 403:305–316
Chang CI, Lee CJ, Huang JC (2004) Relationship between grain size and Zener–Holloman parameter during friction stir processing in AZ31 Mg alloys. Scr Mater 51:509–514
Gerlich A, Yamamoto M, North TH (2007) Strain rates and grain growth in Al 5754 and Al 6061 friction stir spot welds 38A:1291–1302
Oosterkamp A, Djapic Oosterkamp L, Nordeide A (2004) Kissing bond phenomena in solid state welds of aluminum alloys. Weld J:225s–231s
Thomas WM, Nicholas ED (1997) Friction stir welding for the transportation industries. Mater Des 18:269–273
Elangovan K, Balasubramanian V, Valliappan M (2007) Influences of tool pin profile and axial force on the formation of friction stir processing zone in AA6061 aluminium alloy. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 38:285–295
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rajakumar, S., Razalrose, A. & Balasubramanian, V. Friction stir welding of AZ61A magnesium alloy. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 68, 277–292 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-4728-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-4728-0