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QTL map** for quantities of protein fractions in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

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Abstract

One of the key targets of breeding programs in bread wheat is to improve the end-use quality. The relationships between quantities of protein fractions and dough rheological characters have been well established, but there is little information on the genetic control of quantities of protein fractions. Two hundred and forty F6 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between two Chinese wheat cultivars, PH82-2 and Neixiang 188, were sown at Jiaozuo in Henan province in the 2005–2006 and 2006–2007 crop** seasons, and inclusive composite interval map** was used to dissect main effect quantitative trait loci (M-QTLs) and digenic epistatic QTLs (E-QTLs) for quantities of protein fractions. A total of 55 M-QTLs and 77 pairs of E-QTLs affecting the quantities of protein fractions including GLU-A1 (QGA1), GLU-B1 (QGB1), GLU-D1 (QGD1), HMW-GS (QHMW), GLU-A3 (QGA3), GLU-B3 (QGB3), LMW-GS (QLMW), glutenin (QGLU) and the ratio of the quantity of glutenin to those of gliadin were identified, with M-QTLs contributing 39.3–95.6% of the phenotypic variance explained (PVE), and E-QTLs accounting for 1.4–33.5% of the PVE. Among the M-QTLs, 33 were consistent in two seasons and in the mean value of two seasons with similar effects in both magnitude and direction, including major genes on HMW and LMW glutenin loci linked to Sec1 and Glu-B1c, Glu-D1d, Glu-A3a, and grain hardness locus Ha, indicating that these genes were the most important determinants of gluten strength, and they might have significant effects on dough properties not only through effects on allelic composition, but also by influencing quantities of protein fractions. The effects of E-QTLs were more influenced by environments, compared with those of M-QTLs, with only two pairs of E-QTLs consistent in two seasons and in the mean value of two seasons. The M-QTLs were detected in 12 marker intervals, all of which involved E-QTLs on quantities of protein fractions, whereas only 40 of 77 pairs of E-QTLs involved intervals in which M-QTLs were detected. The results indicated that besides main effects, epistatic effects were also important factors in determining quantities of protein fractions in wheat.

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Abbreviations

HMW-GS:

High-molecular-weight glutenin subunit

LMW-GS:

Low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit

QGA1:

Quantity of GLU-A1

QGB1:

Quantity of GLU-B1

QGD1:

Quantity of GLU-D1

QHMW:

Quantity of HMW-GS

QGA3:

Quantity of GLU-A3

QGB3:

Quantity of GLU-B3

QLMW:

Quantity of LMW-GS

QGLU:

Total quantity of glutenin

QGLUGLI:

Ratio of quantity of glutenin to those of gliadin

QPRO:

Protein content

QTLs:

Quantitative trait loci

ICIM:

Inclusive composite interval map**

M-QTL:

Main-effect QTL

E-QTL:

Digenic epistatic QTL

MAS:

Marker-assisted selection

PVE:

Phenotypic variance explained

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Acknowledgments

The authors are very grateful to Prof. R.A. McIntosh, Plant Breeding Institute, University of Sydney, Australia, for kindly reviewing this manuscript. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30600393 and 30830072), the National Basic Research Program (2009CB118300), Core Research Budget of the Non-profit Governmental Research Institutions (ICS, CAAS), and an international collaboration project on wheat improvement from the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (2006-G2).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Crop Science, National Wheat Improvement Centre/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Bei**g, 100081, China

    Yong Zhang, Jianwei Tang, Yelun Zhang, Jun Yan, Yonggui **ao, Yan Zhang, **anchun **a & Zhonghu He

  2. Cotton Research Institute, CAAS, Huanghedadao, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China

    Jun Yan

  3. CIMMYT China Office, c/o CAAS, Bei**g, 100081, China

    Zhonghu He

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  1. Yong Zhang
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Correspondence to Zhonghu He.

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Communicated by D. Mather.

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Zhang, Y., Tang, J., Zhang, Y. et al. QTL map** for quantities of protein fractions in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor Appl Genet 122, 971–987 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-010-1503-6

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