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Herpes-simplex-Virusinfektionen

Herpes simplex virus infections

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Zusammenfassung

Die Herpes-simplex-Viren (HSV) Typ 1 und 2 haben als Mitglieder der großen Herpesvirusgruppe die Eigenschaft, nach der in der Regel unerkannten Primärinfektion in ein Latenzstadium überzugehen. Im Rahmen periodischer Reaktivierungen aus diesem Zustand kann HSV auf andere Individuen übertragen werden. HSV 1 und 2 führen überwiegend zu harmlosen mukokutanen Infektionen. Normalerweise werden Herpesviren durch das Immunsystem in Schach gehalten. Schwächung der Immunität führt zu HSV-assoziierten Krankheitsbildern, die lebensbedrohend sein können. Genitale HSV-Infektionen gelten als wichtigste Ursache genitaler Ulzerationen, und HSV 2 wird als Schrittmacher für HIV und Aids angesehen. Weltweit bestehen Defizite in der Diagnostik der HSV-Infektionen. Trotz moderner antiviraler Chemotherapeutika ist die Behandlung in vielen Fällen nicht zufrieden stellend. Der Dermatovenerologe spielt eine große Rolle in der frühzeitigen Diagnostik und der konsequenten Therapie dieser Infektionen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Krankheitsproblematik und die aktuelle Diagnostik und Therapie beschrieben. Außerdem wird auf vorbeugende Maßnahmen und auf Entwicklungen der HSV-Impfung eingegangen.

Abstract

The herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2 (HSV 1 and 2) as typical members of the larger herpes virus group have the tendency to become latent after an inapparent primary infection. They are transmitted from person to person during episodes of reactivation. HSV 1 and 2 usually cause harmless mucosal infections. Usually HSV are kept in check by the immune system. An impaired immune response leads to HSV infections which can be life-threatening. Genital HSV infections are an important cause of genital ulcerations, and HSV 2 is a predisposing factor for HIV and Aids. Worldwide the diagnostic possibilities for HSV are often inadequate. Despite the availability of modern chemotherapeutic agents, the treatment of HSV infections is in many cases less than satisfactory. Dermatologists play a major role in the early diagnosis and effective therapy of these infections. In this paper, the latest diagnostic and therapeutic, as well as prophylactic measures and vaccines, are reviewed.

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  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Rostock

    G. Gross

  2. Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität Rostock, Augustenstraße 80, 18055 , Rostock

    G. Gross

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Correspondence to G. Gross.

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Gross, G. Herpes-simplex-Virusinfektionen. Hautarzt 55, 818–830 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-004-0785-5

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