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Antithrombozytäre Therapie bei stabiler KHK

Was, wie lange?

Antithrombotic treatment in patients with stable coronary artery disease

Which drugs and for how long?

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Zusammenfassung

Die Gruppe der Patienten mit stabiler chronischer koronarer Herzerkrankung (SCAD) ist sehr inhomogen und umfasst sowohl Patienten mit stabiler Angina pectoris mit vermuteter koronarer Herzerkrankung (KHK) als auch Patienten mit bekannter KHK nach z. B. einem akuten Koronarsyndrom oder nach Koronarintervention, die mittlerweile asymptomatisch sind. Patienten mit SCAD haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für ischämische Komplikationen und profitieren neben der Therapie mit Statinen zur Senkung des LDL-Cholesterins insbesondere von der antithrombozytären Therapie zur Prävention ischämischer Ereignisse. Patienten mit SCAD bedürfen daher einer lebenslangen antithrombozytären Therapie mit Azetylsalizylsäure (ASS) 100 mg täglich. Bei ASS-Unverträglichkeit kann alternativ Clopidogrel 75 mg täglich als Dauertherapie verabreicht werden. Da die chronische KHK in ihrem Verlauf unterschiedliche Ausprägungen, von stabilen Phasen bis hin zu einem akuten Koronarsyndrom, annehmen kann, muss die antithrombozytäre Therapie fortlaufend überprüft und den aktuellen Umständen angepasst werden. Gleiches gilt für die zusätzliche Indikation für eine Antikoagulationstherapie wie z. B. Vorhofflimmern. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschränkt sich auf die Beschreibung der langfristigen antithrombozytären Therapie der stabilen chronischen KHK sowie deren Anpassung bei elektiven perkutanen koronaren Interventionen (PCI).

Abstract

Stable chronic coronary artery disease (SCAD) encompasses several groups of patients including those with stable angina pectoris or other symptoms thought to be linked to CAD as well as patients with known prior acute coronary syndrome or prior coronary interventions, who have become asymptomatic with treatment and need regular follow-up. Patients with SCAD have an elevated risk for subsequent ischemic events and significantly benefit not only from lipid-lowering therapy with statins but also in particular from long-term antithrombotic treatment. These patients therefore need lifelong antithrombotic treatment with 100 mg acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) daily whereby clopidogrel 75 mg daily is indicated as an alternative in cases of aspirin intolerance. As chronic CAD may present with very different developmental phases spanning from chronic stable phases to acute coronary syndromes, antithrombotic treatment in SCAD patients needs continuous evaluation and adaptation. In addition, new concomitant diseases, such as atrial fibrillation may necessitate further adaptation of antithrombotic therapy. The current overview focuses on the description of the long-term antithrombotic treatment of SCAD as well as on the need for adaptation in the setting of elective percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI).

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. Dr. Gitt weist auf folgende Beziehungen hin: Beratungs- und Referententätigkeit für sowie Reisekostenübernahmen durch die Firmen Sanofi, BMS, AstraZeneca, Lilly, Daiichi-Sankyo, MSD, Bayer, Pfizer. R. Zahn: keine Angaben.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Correspondence to A.K. Gitt FESC, FACC.

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Gitt, A., Zahn, R. Antithrombozytäre Therapie bei stabiler KHK. Herz 39, 798–802 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-014-4171-5

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