Log in

Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine analogues: synthesis, characterization and their in vitro antiamoebic activity

  • Original Research
  • Published:
Medicinal Chemistry Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine analogues were synthesized by treating 3-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4-amine with different sulfonyl chlorides and triethylamine in dry dichloromethane. The structure of all the compounds was elucidated by spectral data and their purity was confirmed by elemental analysis. In vitro antiamoebic activity was performed against HM1:IMSS strain of Entamoeba histolytica and two compounds, 4 (IC50 = 0.57) and 6 (IC50 = 0.68), were found better inhibitors than the reference drug metronidazole (IC50 = 1.80). Further, both the compounds (4 and 6) were low cytotoxic against the human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line in the concentration range of 2.5–250 μM. These preliminary results reveal that pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine analogues could help in designing better molecules with enhanced antiamoebic activity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Germany)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Scheme 1
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abid M, Bhat AR, Athar F, Azam A (2009) Synthesis, spectral studies and antiamoebic activity of new 1-N-substituted thiocarbamoyl-3-phenyl-2-pyrazolines. Eur J Med Chem 44:417–425

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Becker S, Hoffman P, Houpt ER (2011) Efficacy of antiamoebic drugs in a mouse model. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84:581–586

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bendesky A, Menendez D, Ostrosky-Wegman P (2002) Is metronidazole carcinogenic? Mutat Res 511:133–144

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Budakoti A, Abid M, Azam A (2007) Synthesis characterization and in vitro antiamoebic activity of new Pd(II) complexes with 1-N-substituted thiocarbamoyl-3,5-diphenyl-2-pyrazoline derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 42:544–551

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dai HX, Stepan AF, Plummer MS, Zhang YH, Yu JQ (2011) Divergent C–H functionalizations directed by sulfonamide pharmacophores: last stage diversification as a tool for drug discovery. J Am Chem Soc 133:7222–7228

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El-Sayed Ali T (2009) Synthesis of some novel pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine and pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives bearing 5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine moiety as potential antimicrobial agents. Eur J Med Chem 44:4385–4392

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gillin FD, Reiner DS, Suffness M (1982) Bruceantin, a potent amoebicide from a plant, Brucea antidysenterica. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 22:342–345

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayat F, Salahuddin A, Umar S, Azam A (2010) Synthesis, characterization, antiamoebic activity and cytotoxicity of novel series of pyrazoline derivatives bearing quinoline tail. Eur J Med Chem 45:4669–4675

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayat F, Salahuddin A, Azam A (2011) Synthesis, characterization, antiamoebic activity and cytotoxicity of new pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-6-one derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 26:472–479

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hwang EW, Cheung L, Mojtahed A, Cartwright CA (2011) Relapse of intestinal and hepatic amoebiasis after treatment. Dig Dis Sci 56:677–680

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Irfan I, Sawangjaroen N, Bhat AR, Azam A (2010) New dioxazole derivatives: synthesis and effects on growth of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia intestinalis. Eur J Med Chem 45:1648–1653

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lejeune M, Rybicka JM, Chadee K (2009) Recent discoveries in the pathogenesis and immune response towards Entamoeba histolytica. Future Microbiol 4:105–118

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mosmann T (1983) Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods 65:55–63

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parveen H, Hayat F, Salahuddin A, Azam A (2010) Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of novel 6-ferrocenyl-4-aryl-2-substituted pyrimidine derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 45:3497–3503

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parveen H, Hayat F, Mukhtar S, Salahuddin A, Khan A, Islam F, Azam A (2011) Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of novel 2,4,6-trisubstituted bis-pyrimidine derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 46:4669–4675

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ralston KS, Petri WA (2011) The ways of a killer: how does Entamoeba histolytica elicit host cell death? Essays Biochem 51:193–210

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salles JM, Moraes LA, Salles MC (2003) Hepatic amebiasis. Braz J Infect Dis 7:96–110

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siddiqui SM, Salahuddin A, Azam A (2012) Synthesis, characterization and antiamoebic activity of some hydrazone and azole derivatives bearing pyridyl moiety as a promising heterocyclic scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 49:411–416

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wright CW, O’Neill MJ, Phillipson JD, Warhurst DC (1988) Use of microdilution to assess in vitro antiamoebic activities of Brucea javanica fruits, Simarouba amara stem, and a number of quassinoids. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 32:1725–1729

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Amir Azam.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Siddiqui, S.M., Salahuddin, A. & Azam, A. Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine analogues: synthesis, characterization and their in vitro antiamoebic activity. Med Chem Res 22, 775–781 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-012-0070-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-012-0070-6

Keywords

Navigation