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A Special Connection between γδ T Cells and Natural Antibodies?

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Abstract

Natural antibodies (NAbs) play an important role in early host defense, autophagy and tissue remodeling, and in immune regulation. They arise spontaneously (without specific immunization), and are already present at birth. NAbs are produced by B1 B cells, MZ B cells and other B cell types. They include all major Ig subclasses but IgM antibodies are prevalent, especially early in development. NAbs may be poly-specific, recognize particular auto-antigens, or detect neo-determinants such as those exposed during apoptosis or generated by oxidation. NAbs do not require cognate T cell help but depend on soluble mediators produced by T cells. Our recent studies suggest that γδ T cells may have a special relationship with NAbs, and play a prominent role in their regulation, in part through the fine-tuning of IL-4 levels. The spontaneously activated state of these cells likely enables their cytokine production and other functions in the absence of external stimulation. Ontogenetically, the earlier arising γδ T cells are better positioned than αβ T cells to shape the develo** repertoire of NAbs. Intriguingly, ligand specificities of NAbs and γδ T cell receptors appear to be overlap**, perhaps allowing γδ cognate help for certain NAb specificities. Via NAbs, γδ T cells could exert a regulatory influence on numerous processes in health and disease.

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Abbreviations

NAb:

Natural antibody

TCR:

T cell receptor

IL-4:

Interleukin 4

IVIG:

Intravenous immunoglobulin

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Drs. Lawrence Wysocki and Thiago Detanico for helpful discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Str., Denver, CO, 80206, USA

    Willi K. Born & Rebecca L. O’Brien

  2. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO, USA

    Willi K. Born, Raul M. Torres & Rebecca L. O’Brien

  3. Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Technology Transfer, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People’s Republic of China

    Yafei Huang

  4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China

    Wanjiang Zeng

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  1. Willi K. Born
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Correspondence to Willi K. Born.

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Born, W.K., Huang, Y., Zeng, W. et al. A Special Connection between γδ T Cells and Natural Antibodies?. Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. 64, 455–462 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00005-016-0403-0

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