SpringerLink
Log in

Fermentation of wort containing deoxynivalenol and zearalenone

  • Published:
Mycotoxin Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Wort containing deoxynivalenol and zearalenone, each added at a level of 1.9 μg/mL, was fermented by 3 strains ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae for 7 or 9 days to make beer. Analysis showed that deoxynivalenol was stable during this process. The major metabolite of zearalenone was β - zearalenol, which formed in up to 69% of the initial zearalenone concentration, while up to 8.1% of the initial zearalenone was converted to α - zearalenol. The major part of the metabolism of zearalenone occurred by 1 – 2 days. Control experiments, where the yeasts were omitted and deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and α - and β - zearalenol were added, showed good recovery and stability of the mycotoxins over the 7–9 day time period. No deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, α-zearalenol or β-zearalenol was detected in control yeast fermentations where they were not added to the wort.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Germany)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Scott PM (1990) Trichothecenes in grains. Cereal Foods World 35:661–666

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Kuiper-Goodman T, Scott PM, Watanabe H (1987) Risk assessment of the mycotoxin zearalenone. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 7: 253–306

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Canales AM (1979) Unmalted grains in brewing.In: Pollock JRA (Ed) Brewing Science, Volume 1, Academic Press, London, pp 233–278

    Google Scholar 

  4. Flannigan B, Day SW, Douglas PE, McFarlane GB (1984) Growth of mycotoxin-producing fungi associated with malting of barley.In: Kurata H, Ueno Y (Eds) Toxigenic Fungi — Their Toxins and Health Hazard, Kodansha Ltd, Tokyo and Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 52–60

    Google Scholar 

  5. Payen J, Girard T, Gaillardin M, Lafont P (1983) Sur la présence de mycotoxines dans des bières. Microbiol Alim Nutr 1:143–146

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Trucksess MW, Flood MT, Page SW (1986) Thin layer chromatographic determination of deoxynivalenol in processed grain products. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 69:35 -36

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Bata Á, Sarudi I, Ormai-Cserhalmi Z (1981) Zearalenone in beer. Acta Aliment 10:162–163

    Google Scholar 

  8. Vecchio A, Finoli C, Peccedi M, Cerutti G (1985) Sull’origine e la presenza di micotossine nella birra. Tecnol Aliment 8:84–87

    Google Scholar 

  9. Cerutti G, Vecchio A, Finoli C, Trezzi A (1987) Indices of quality for beer. Part 3: Mycotoxins. Monatsschr Brauwiss 40:455–4577

    Google Scholar 

  10. Lovelace CEA, Nyathi CB (1977) Estimation of the fungal toxins, zearalenone and aflatoxin, contaminating opaque maize beer in Zambia. J Sei Food Agric 28:288–292

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Martin PMD, Keen P (1978) The occurrence of zearalenone in raw and fermented products from Swaziland and Lesotho. Sabouraudia 16:15–22

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Okoye ZSC (1986) Zearalenone in native cereal beer brewed in Jos metropolis of Nigeria. J Food Safety 7:233–239

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Whitehead MP, Flannigan B (1989) TheFusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol and yeast growth and fermentation. J Inst Brewing 95:411–4133

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Matsuura Y, Yoshizawa T (1985) Conversion of zearalenone, an estrogenic mycotoxin, by brewing microorganisms. J Food Hyg Soc Japan 26:24–28

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Sunjic V, Gelo M, Rusman S, DiGrazia L, Clauti G (1991) Stereoselective reduction of two zeranole precursors by Bakers’ yeast. Enzyme Microb Technol 13:344–348

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Ueno Y, Tashiro F (1981) α - Zearalenol, a major hepatic metabolite in rats of zearalenone, an estrogenic mycotoxin ofFusarium species. J Biochem (Tokyo) 89:563–571

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Hagler WM, Mirocha CJ, Pathre SV, Behrens JC (1979) Identification of the naturally occurring isomer of zearalenol produced byFusarium roseum “Gibbosum” in rice culture. Appl Environ Microbiol 37:849–853

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Bennett GA, Lagoda AA, Shotwell OL, Hesseltine CW (1981) Utilization of zearalenone — contaminated corn for ethanol production. J Amer Oil Chem Soc 58:974–976

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Okoye ZSC (1987) Stability of zearalenone in naturally contaminated corn during Nigerian traditional brewing. Food Addit Contam 4:57–59

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Scott PM, Kanhere SR, Tarter EJ (1986) Determination of nivalenol and deoxynivalenol in cereals by electron — capture gas chromatography. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 69: 889–893

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Health Protection Branch (1989) Determination of Nivalenol, Deoxynivalenol (Vomitoxin, DON), T-2 Toxin, HT-2 Toxin, 15 — Monoacetoxyscirpenol and Diacetoxyscirpenol in Wheat and Soybean by Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection. Laboratory Procedure LPFC-155, 13 pp

  22. Flannigan B, Morton JG, Naylor RJ (1985)Fusarium mycotoxins and the malting of barley.In: Lacey J (Ed) Trichothecenes and Other Mycotoxins, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK, pp 171–184

    Google Scholar 

  23. Schwenk S, Altmayer B, Eichhorn KW (1989) Untersuchungen zur Bedeutung toxischer Stoffwechselprodukte des PilzesTrichothecium roseum Link ex Fr für den Weinbau. Z Lebensm Unters Forsch 188: 527–530

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. El-Banna AA (1987) Stability of citrinin and deoxynivalenol during germination process of barley. Mycotox Res 3:37–41

    Google Scholar 

  25. Palyusik M, Hagler WM, Horváth L, Mirocha CJ (1980) Biotransformation of zearalenone to zearalenol byCandida tropicalis. Acta Vet Acad Sei Hung 28:159–166

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. El-Sharkawy SH, Abul-Hajj YJ (1988) Microbial transformation of zearalenone. 2. Reduction, hydroxylation, and methylation products. J Org Chem 53:515–519

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Kamimura K (1986) Conversion of zearalenone to zearalenone glycoside byRhizopus sp. Appl Environ Microbiol 52:515–519

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. El-Sharkawy S, Abul-Hajj Y (1987) Microbial transformation of zearalenone. I. Formation of zearalenone-4-O-β-glucoside. J Nat Prod 50: 520–521

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. El-Sharkawy S, Abul-Hajj YJ (1988) Microbial cleavage of zearalenone. Xenobiot 18:365 -371

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. El-Sharkawy SH (1989) Microbial transformation of zearalenone. III. Formation of 2, 4-O-β-diglucoside. Acta Pharm Jugosl 39:303–310

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. El-Sharkawy SH, Selim MI, Afifi MS, Halaweish FT (1991) Microbial transformation of zearalenone to a zearalenone sulfate. Appl Environ Microbiol 57: 549–552

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Haikara A (1983) Malt and beer from barley artificially contaminated withFusarium in the field. Proc Eur Brew Conv Congr 19: 401–408

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Food Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Protection Branch, Health and Welfare Canada, K1A OL2, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Scott P M & Kanhere S R

  2. Microbiology Research Division, Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Food Directorate, Health Protection Branch, Health and Welfare Canada, K1A OL2, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Daley E F & Farber J M

Authors
  1. Scott P M
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kanhere S R
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Daley E F
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Farber J M
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Scott, P.M., Kanhere, S.R., Daley, E.F. et al. Fermentation of wort containing deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. Mycotox Res 8, 58–66 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03192217

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03192217

Keywords

Search

Navigation