Abstract
The enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of the rhamnose moieties fromα-chaconine were isolated and partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation from the peels of Kennebec and Wauseon potatoes. Enzyme activity was found to be present in the 60 to 80% ammonium sulfate precipitate. Enzyme activity was increased by the use of non-ionic detergents with a mixture of Triton X-100:Triton CF-54 providing the greatest increase in activity. The pH and temperature optimums for the enzymes from both varieties were found to be 6.0 and 42 C, respectively. The route ofα-chaconine metabolism (either through B1-or B2-chaconine) was dependent upon incubation temperature. The effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity was determined for both varieties and the Kms calculated from Lineweaver-Burke double reciprocal plots. The Km values for the Kennebec and Wauseon rhamnosidases were found to be 9.2×10−4 and 1.7×10−5M, respectively.
Compendio
Las enzimas que intervienen en la hidrólisis de las fracciones de ramnosa de laα-chaconina fueron aisladas y parcialmente purificadas por precipitación con sufato de amonio, a partir de cáscaras de papa de las variedades Kennebec y Wauseon. Se encontró presencia de actividad enzimática en la fracción saturada (0,6 a 0,8) de sulfato de amonio. La actividad enzimática se incrementó usando detergentes no iónicos con una mezcla de Triton X-100: Triton CF-54, que proporciona, el mayor incremento de la actividad. El óptimo de pH y temperatura para las enzimas de ambas variedades fué de 6,0 y 42 C respectivamente. La ruta del metabolismo de laα-chaconina (sea ésta a través de chaconina B1 ó B2) dependió de la temperatura de incubación. Se determinó) el efecto de la concentración del substrato sobre la actividad enzimática para ambas variedades y el Kms se calculó por la función recíproca doble Lineweaver-Burke. Se encontró que los valores Km para las ramnosidasas de Kennebec y Wauseon fueron de 9,2×10−4 y l,7×10−5M, respectivamente.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature Cited
Akeley, R.V., F.J. Stevenson and E.S. Schultz. 1948. Kennebec: A new potato variety resistant to late blight, mild mosaic and net necrosis. Am Potato J 25:351–361.
Bushway, A.A., E.D. Clegg and T.W. Keenan. 1977. Composition and synthesis of gangliosides in bovine testis, sperm and seminal plasma. Bio Reproduc 17:432–442.
Bushway, A.A. and T.W. Keenan. 1978. Composition of three higher ganglioside homologs in bovine mammary tissue. Lipids 13:59–65.
Bushway, R.J., J.L. Bureau and D.F. McGann. 1983. α-Chaconine and α-solanine content of potato peels and potato peel products. J Food Sci 48:84–64.
Chaube, S. and C.A. Swinyard. 1975. Teratological and toxicological studies of alkaloidal and phenolic compounds fromSolanum tuberosum L. Toxico Appl Phamacol 36: 227–237.
Cunningham, C.E., R.V. Akeley, L.C. Peterson and T.E. Snyder. 1968. Wauseon: A new potato variety resistant to golden nematode with good processing quality. Am Potato J 45:146–149.
Filadelfi, M.A. 1980. Isolation of chaconines fromSolanum tuberosum L. Ph.D. thesis, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Guseva, A.R. and V.A. Paseshichenko. 1957. Enzymatic degradation of potato glycoalkaloids. Biochem. (USSR) 22:792–799. Engl. transl., Consultants Bureau, New York.
Hansen, A.A. 1925. Two fatal cases of potato poisoning. Science 61:340–341.
Harris, F.W. and T. Cockburn. 1918. Alleged poisoning by potatoes. Analyst (London) 59:431.
Harris, H. and M. Whittaker. 1959. Differential response of human serum cholinesterase types to an inhibitor in potato. Nature 183:1803.
Heftman, E. 1967. Biochemistry of steroidal saponins and glycoalkaloids. Lloydia 30:209–223.
Jadhav, S.J. and D.K. Salunkhe. 1973. Enzymatic glucosylation of solanidine. J Food Sci 38:1099–1100.
Jadhav, S.J. and D.K. Salunkhe. 1975. Formation and control of chlorophyll and glycoalkaloids in tubers ofSolanum tuberosum L. and evaluation of glycoalkaloid toxicity. Adv Food Res 21:307–354.
Keeler, R.F., D. Brown, D.R. Douglas, G.F. Stalknect and S. Young. 1976. Teratogenicity of theSolanum alkaloid solasodine and of “Kennebec” potato sprouts in hamsters. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 15:522–524.
McCollum, G.D. and S.L. Sinden. 1979. Inheritance study of tuber glycoalkaloids in a wild potato,Solanum chaconese Bitter. Am Potato J 56:95–113.
Mun, A.M., E.S. Barden, J.M. Wilson and J.M. Hogan. 1975. Teratogenic effect in early embryos of solanine and glycoalkaloids from potatoes infected with late-blight,Phytophthora infestans. Teratology 11:73–77.
Nishie, K. W.P. Norred and A.P. Swain. 1975. Pharmacology and toxicology of chaconine and tomatine. Res Chem Path Pharm 12:657–668.
Orgell, W.H., K.A. Vaidya and P.A. Dahm. 1958. Inhibition of human plasma cholinesterasein vitro by extracts of solanaceous plants. Science 128:1136–1137.
Osman, S.F., R.M. Zacharius, E.B. Kalan, T.J. Fitzpatrick and S. Krulick. 1979. Stress metabolites of the potato and other solanaceous plants. J Food Protect 42: 502–507.
Roddick, J.G. 1979. Complex formation between solanaceous steroidal glycoalkaloids and free sterolsin vitro. Phytochemistry 18:1467–1470.
Salunkhe, D.K. and M.T. Wu. 1979. Control of post harvest glycoalkaloid formation in potato tubers. J Food Protect 42:519–525.
Schreiber, K. 1963.In: The Alkaloids (R.H.F. Manske, Ed.). Chapter 1. Steroid alkaloids, the Solanum group. Academic Press, NY.
Schreiber, K. 1968.In: The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Physiology. (R.H.F. Manske, Ed.). Vol. 10. Academic Press, NY.
Sinden, S.L. and R.E. Webb. 1972. Effect of variety and location on the glycoalkaloid content of potatoes. Am Potato J 49:334–339.
Sinden, S.L. and R.E. Webb. 1974. Effect of environment on glycoalkaloid content of six potato varieties at 39 locations. USDA Tech Bull No. 1472.
Stain, K.G. 1951.In: The Chemistry and Technology of Food and Food Products. 2nd Ed. Interscience Publishers, NY.
Swain, A.P., T.J. Fitzpatrick, E.A. Talley, S.F. Herb and S.F. Osman. 1978. Enzymatic hydrolysis of α-chaconine and α-solanine. Phytochemistry 17:800–801.
Willimott, S.G. 1933. An investigation of solanine poisoning. Analyst 58:431–439.
Zitnak, A. 1968. Separation of glycoalkaloids fromSolanum tuberosum L. by thin layer chromatography. Proc Cen Hort Sci 3:75–87.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bushway, A.A., Bushway, R.J. & Kim, C.H. Isolaton, partial purification and characterization of a potato peel glycoalkaloid glycosidase. American Potato Journal 65, 621–631 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854830
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854830