Log in

The importance of stroma in morphogenesis and functional activity of urogenital epithelium

  • Symposium
  • Published:
In Vitro Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Urogenital morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation are presented in the context of the epithelial-stromal interaction. The essential role of stroma in these processes is reviewed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (France)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Spemann, H. 1939.Embryonic Development and Induction. Yale University Press, New Haven.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Grobstein, C. 1967. Mechanisms of organogenetic tissue interactions. Nat. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 26: 279–299.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Saxen, L. 1977. Directive versus permissive induction: A working hypothesis. In: J. W. Lash, and M. M. Burger (Eds.),Cell and Tissue Interactions. Raven Press, New York, pp. 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Saxen, L. 1977. Morphogenetic tissue interactions: An introduction. In: M. Karkinen-Jaaskelainen, and L. Saxen (Eds.),Cell Interactions in Differentiation. Academic Press, New York, pp. 145–152.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Saxen, L., M. Karkinen-Jaaskelainen, E. Lehtonen, S. Nordling, and J. Wartiovaara. 1976. Inductive tissue interactions. In: G. Poste, and G. L. Nicolson (Eds.),The Cell Surface in Animal Embryogenesis and Development. North-Holland Publishing Co., New York, pp. 331–408.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Kratochwil, K. 1972. Tissue interactions during embryonic development: General properties. In: D. Tarin (Ed.),Tissue Interactions in Carcinogenesis. Academic Press, New York, pp. 1–47.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Kollar, E. J. 1972. The development of the integument: Spatial, temporal, and phylogenetic factors. Am. Zool. 12: 125–135.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Pictet, R. L., S. Filosa, P. Phelps, and W. J. Rutter. 1975. Control of DNA synthesis in the embryonic pancreas: Interaction of the mesenchymal factor and cyclic AMP. In: H. C. Slavkin, and R. C. Greulich (Eds.),Extracellular Matrix Influences on Gene Expression. Academic Press, New York, pp. 531–540.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Baumann, K. R., and H. L. Hosick. 1979. Replication of mouse mammary tumor cells in monolayer cultures stimulated with embryo extract. Exp. Cell Biol., in press.

  10. Cunha, G. R. 1972. Support of normal salivary gland morphogenesis by mesenchyme derived from accessory sexual glands of embryonic mice. Anat. Rec. 173: 205–212.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Lawson, K. A. 1972. The role of mesenchyme in the morphogenesis and functional differentiation of rat salivary epithelium. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 27: 497–513.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Kollar, E. J., and G. R. Baird. 1970. Tissue interaction in embryonic mouse tooth germs. II. The inductive role of the dental papilla. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 24: 173–186.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Cunha, G. R. 1976. Epithelial-stromal interactions in development of the urogenital tract. Int. Rev. Cytol. 47: 137–194.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Cunha, G. R. 1970. Epithelio-mesenchymal interaction in the develo** accessory sexual glands of the mouse embryo (abstr.). Anat. Rec. 166: 295.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Cunha, G. R. 1972. Epithelio-mesenchymal interactions in primordial gland structures which become responsive to androgenic stimulation. Anat. Rec. 172: 179–196.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Cunha, G. R. 1975. The age-dependent loss in responsiveness of vagina in forming prostate as a function of the epithelial-stromal interaction (abstr.). Anat. Rec. 181: 340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Cunha, G. R. 1975. Age-dependent loss of sensitivity of female urogenital sinus to androgenic conditions as a function of the epithelial-stromal interaction in mice. Endocrinology 95: 665–673.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Cunha, G. R., and B. Lung. 1978. Age-dependent factors governing androgen-responsiveness of urogenital tissue recombinants from wild-type and androgen-insensitive (Tfm) mice (abstr.). Anat. Rec. 190: 373–374.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Cunha, G. R., and B. Lung. 1978. The possible influence of temporal factors in androgenic responsiveness of urogenital tissue recombinants from wild-type and androgen-insensitive (Tfm) mice. J. Exp. Zool. 205: 181–204.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Cunha, G. R. 1972. Tissue interactions between epithelium and mesenchyme of urogenital and integumental origin. Anat. Rec. 172: 529–542.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Lung, B., G. R. Cunha, and B. A. Reese. Heterotypic differentiation of mouse urinary bladder epithelium: Prostatic induction by urogenital sinus mesenchyme. Manuscript in preparation.

  22. Weniger, J.-P., and A. Zeis. 1972. Sur la secretion precoce de testosterone par le testicule embryonaire de souris. C. R. Acad. Sci. 275: 1431–1433.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Forsberg, J.-G. 1973. Cervicovaginal epithelium: Its origin and development. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 115: 1025–1043.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Cunha, G. R. 1975. The dual origin of vaginal epithelium. Am. J. Anat. 143: 387–392.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Cunha, G. R. 1976. Stromal induction and specification of uterine and vaginal morphogenesis in neonatal mice (abstr.). Anat. Rec. 184: 386.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Cunha, G. R. 1976. Stromal induction and specification of morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation of the epithelia of the Müllerian ducts and urogenital sinus during development of the uterus and vagina in mice. J. Exp. Zool. 196: 361–370.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Wartiovaara, J., S. Nordling, E. Lehtonen, and L. Saxen. 1974. Transfilter induction of kidney tubules: Correlation with cytoplasmic penetration into nucleopore filters. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 31: 667–682.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Slavkin, H. C., G. N. Trump, A. Brownell, and N. Sorgente. 1977. Epithelial-mesenchymal specificity. In: J. W. Lash, and M. M. Burger (Eds.),Cell and Tissue Interactions. Raven Press, New York, pp. 29–46.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Thesleff, I. 1977. Tissue interactions in tooth developmentin vitro. In: M. Karinen-Jaaskelainen, and L. Saxen (Eds.),Cell Interactions in Development. Academic Press, New York, pp. 191–209.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Thesleff, I., E. Lehtonen, J. Wartiovaara, and L. Saxen. 1977. Interference of tooth differentiation with interposed filters. Dev. Biol. 58: 197–203.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Saxen, L., and J. Kohonen. 1969. Inductive tissue interactions in vertebrate morphogenesis. Int. Rev. Exp. Pathol. 69: 57–128.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Grobstein, C. 1955. Tissue interaction in the morphogenesis of mouse embryonic rudimentsin vitro. In: D. Rudnick (Ed.),Aspects of Synthesis and Order in Growth. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J., pp. 233–256.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Bernfield, M. R., R. H. Cohn, and S. D. Banerjee. 1973. Glycosaminoglycans and epithelial organ formation. Am. Zool. 13: 1067–1083.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Hay, E. D.. 1977. Cell-matrix interaction in embryonic induction. In: B. R. Brinkley, and K. R. Porter (Eds.),International Cell Biology. Rockefeller University Press, New York, pp. 50–60.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Cunha, G. R., and A. K. Lee. 1977. Ultrastructural aspects of vaginal differentiation in untreated and estradiol-treated neonatal mice (abstr.). J. Electron Microsc. 26: 170.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Cunha, G. R., A. K. Lee, and B. Lung. 1978. Electron microscopic observations of vaginal development in untreated and neonatally-estrogenized BALB/c Crgl mice. Am. J. Anat. 152: 343–381.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Takasugi, N., and Y. Kamishima. 1973. Development of vaginal epithelium showing irreversible proliferation and cornification in neonatally estrogenized mice: An electron microscope study. Dev. Growth Differ. 15: 127–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Forsberg, J.-G., and A. Abro. 1971. Ultrastructural differences between the sinus and the müllerian epithelium of the mouse vaginal anlage. Z. Anat. Entwicklungsgesch. 135: 67–75.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Forsberg, J.-G., and A. Abro. 1973. Ultrastructural studies on cell degeneration in the mouse utero-vaginal anlage. Acta Anat. 83: 353–367.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Juillard, M. T. 1972. Ultrastructure de l'epithelium vaginal de la souris au cours de la differenciation. Arch. Anat. Microsc. Morphol. Exp. 61: 33–46.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Meier, S., and E. D. Hay. 1975. Control of corneal differentiationin vitro by extracellular matrix In: H. C. Slavkin, and R. C. Greulich (Eds.)Extracellular Matrix Influences on Gene Expression Academic Press, New York, pp. 185–196.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Cunha, G. R., B. Lung, E. Starkey, and A. K. Lee. 1978. Uptake of basal laminar material by vaginal epithelial cells, manuscript in preparation.

  43. Billingham, R. E., and W. K. Silvers 1968. Dermoepidermal interactions and epithelial specificity. In: R. Fleischmajer, and R. E. Billingham (Eds.),Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp. 252–266.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Van Scott, E. J., and R. P. Reinertson. 1961. The modulating influence of stromal environment on epithelial cells studied in human autotransplants. J. Invest. Dermatol. 36: 109–131.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Briggamen, R. A., and C. E. Wheeler. 1968. Epidermal-dermal interactions in adult human skin: Role of dermis in epidermal maintenance. J. Invest. Dermatol. 51: 454–465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Redler, P., and E. S. Lustig. 1968. Differences in the growth-promoting effect of normal and peritumoral dermis on epidermisin vitro. Dev. Biol. 17: 679–691.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Cohen, J. 1969. Dermis, epidermis and dermal papillae interacting. In: W. Montagna, and R. L. Dobson (Eds.),Advances in Biology of Skin and Hair Growth. Vol. 9. Pergamon Press, New York, pp. 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Friedenwald, J. S. 1951. Growth pressure and metaplasia of conjunctival and corneal epithelium. Doc. Ophthalmol. 5: 184–192.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Karring, T., N. P. Lang, and H. Loe. 1975. The role of gingival connective tissue in determining epithelial differentiation. J. Periodontal Res. 10: 1–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Lasfargues, E. Y. 1957. Cultivation and behaviorin vitro of the normal mammary epithelium of the adult mouse. II. Observations on the secretory activity. Exp. Cell Res. 13: 553–562.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Sakakura, T., Y. Nishizuka, and C. J. Dawe. 1979. Capacity of adult mammary fat pad to interact morphogenetically with embryonic mammary epithelium. J. Nat'l. Cancer Instit., submitted for publication.

  52. Franks, L. M., P. N. Riddle, A. W. Carbonelli, and G. O. Gey. 1970. A comparative study of the ultrastructure and lack of growth capacity of adult human prostate epithelium mechanically separated from its stroma. J. Pathol. 100: 113–119.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Saxen, L., and S. Toivonen. 1962.Primary Embryonic Induction. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Saxen, L., and J. Rapola 1969.Congenital Defects. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Liao, S., S. Fang, J. L. Tymoczko, and T. Liang. 1974. Androgen receptors, antiandrogens, and uptake and retention of androgens in male sex accessory organs. In: D. Brandes (Ed.),Male Accessory Sex Organs. Structure and Function in Mammals. Academic Press. New York, 237–265.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Liao, S. 1976. Receptors and the mechanism of action of androgen. In: J. R. Pasqualini (Ed.),Receptors and Mechanism of Actions of Steroid Hormones Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, pp. 159–214.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Mainwaring, W. I. P. 1977.The Mechanism of Action of Androgens. Springer-Verlag, New York. 1–173.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Drews, U., S. R. Blecher, D. A. Owen, and S. Ohno. 1974. Genetically directed preferential X-activation seen in mice. Cell 1: 3–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Ohno, S. 1977. Testosterone and cellular response. In: R. J. Blandau, and D. Bergsma (Eds.),Morphogenesis and Malformation of the Genital System. A. R. Liss, Inc. New York, pp. 99–108.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Kratochwil, K., and P. Schwartz 1976 Tissue interaction in androgen response of embryonic mammary rudiment of mouse: Identification of target tissue for testosterone. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73: 4041–4044.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Drews, U., and U. Drews 1977. Regression of mouse mammary gland anlagen in recombinants of Tfm and wild-type tissues: Testosterone acts via the mesenchyme. Cell 10: 401–404.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Allen, E., F. L. Hisaw, and W. U. Gardner 1939. The endocrine functions of the ovaries. In: E. Allen (Ed.)Sex and Internal Secretions. Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, pp. 452–629.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Takasugi, N., T. Kimura, and T. Mori. 1970. Irreversible changes in mouse vaginal epithelium induced by early postnatal treatment with steroid hormones.Symposium of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Liblice. Academa Publishing House of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague, pp. 229–251.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Takasugi, N. 1976. Cytological basis for permanent vaginal changes in mice treated neonatally with steroid hormones. Int. Rev. Cytol. 44: 193–224.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Takasugi, N., and H. A. Bern. 1964. Tissue changes in mice with persistent vaginal cornification induced by early postnatal treatment with estrogen. J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 33: 855–865.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Takasugi, N. 1972. Carcinogenesis by vaginal transplants from ovariectomized, neonatally estrogenized mice into ovariectomized normal hosts. Gann 63: 73–77.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Kimura, R., and S. Nandi 1967. Nature of induced persistent vaginal cornification in mice. IV. Changes in the vaginal epithelium of old mice treated neonatally with estradiol or testosterone. J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 39: 75–93.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Forsberg, J.-G. 1972. Estrogen, vaginal cancer, and vaginal development. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 113: 83–87.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Forsberg, J.-G. 1975 Late effects in vaginal and cervical epithelia after injections of diethylstilbestrol into neonatal mice. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 121: 101–104.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Bern, H. A., L. A. Jones, T. Mori, and P. N. Young. 1975. Exposure of neonatal mice to steroids: Long-term effects on the mammary gland and other reproductive structures. Steroid biochem. 6: 673–676.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Cunha, G. R., B. Lung, and K. Kato 1977. Role of the epithelial-stromal interaction during the development and expression of ovary-independent vaginal hyperplasia. Dev. Biol. 56: 52–67.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Hodges, G. M., R. M. Hicks, and G. D. Spacey. Epithelial-stromal interactions in normal and chemical carcinogen-treated adult bladder. Cancer Res. 37: 3720–3730.

  73. Bern, H. A. The neonatal mouse—tumorigenesis after short-term exposure to hormones and its possible relevance to human syndromes. In:Procedures on the Symposium on Endocrine-Induced Neoplasia, in press.

  74. Takasugi, N. 1971. Morphogenesis of estrogen-independent proliferation and cornification of the vaginal epithelium in neonatally estrogenized mice. Proc. Jpn. Acad. 47: 193–198.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Shirahama, T., and A. S. Cohen. 1970. The association of hemidesmosome-like plaque and dense coating with the pinocytic uptake of heterologous fibrillar protein (amyloid) by macrophages. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 33: 587–597.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Laguens, R. 1972. Subepithelial fibrils associated with the basement membrane of human cervical epithelium. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 41: 202–208.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Krawczyk, W. S., and G. F. Wilgram 1973. Hemidesmosomes and desmosome morphogenesis during epidermal wound healing. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 45: 93–101.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Beerens, E. G. J., J. W. Slot, and J. C. van der Leun. 1975. Rapid regeneration of the dermal-epidermal junction after partial separation by vacuum: An electron microscopic study. J. Invest. Dermatol. 65: 513–521.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Christophers, E., and H. H. Wolff. 1975. Differential formation of desmosomes and hemidesmosomes in epidermal cell cultures treated with retinoic acid. Nature 256: 209–210.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Cunha, G. R., and A. K. Lee 1978. The possible role of hemidesmosomes in neonatally estrogen-induced selection of a permanently altered abnormal vaginal epithelium. J. Exp. Zool. 203: 361–370.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Burgos, M. H., and G. B. Wislocki 1958. The cyclical changes in the mucosa of the guinea pig's uterus, cervix and vagina and in the sexual skin, investigated by the electron microscope. Endocrinology 63: 106–121.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Cooper, R. A., R. D. Cardiff, and S. R. Wellings. 1967. Ultrastructure of vaginal keratinization in estrogen treated immature BALB/c, CRGL mice. Z. Zellforsch. Mikrosk. Anat. 77: 377–403.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Parakkal, P. F., and A. T. Gregoire. 1972. Differentiation of vaginal epithelium in the normal and hormone-treated rhesus monkey. Physiol. Reprod. 6: 117–130.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Schuchner, E. G., A. Foix, C. A. Borenstein, and C. Marchese. 1974. Electron microscopy of human vaginal epithelium under normal and experimental conditions. J. Reprod. Fertil. 36: 231–233.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Cutler, L. S., and A. P. Chaudhry 1973. Intercellular contacts at the epithelial-mesenchymal interface during the prenatal development of the rat submandibular gland. Dev. Biol. 33: 229–240.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Cutler, L. S. 1977. Intercellular contacts at the epithelial-mesenchymal interface of the develo** rat submandibular glandin vitro. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 39: 71–77.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Saxen, L. 1975. Transmission and spread of kidney tubule induction. In: H. C. Slavkin, and R. C. Greulich (Eds.),Extracellular Matrix Influences in Gene Expression. Academic Press, New York, pp. 523–530.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Mathan, M., J. A. Hermos, and J. S. Trier. 1972. Structural features of the epithelio-mesenchymal interface of rat duodenal mucosa during development. J. Cell Biol. 52: 577–588.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Bluemink, J. G., P. Van Maruik, and K. A. Lawson. 1976. Intimate cell contacts at the epithelial/mesenchymal interface in embryonic mouse lung. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 55: 257–270.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Bernfield, M. R., and N. K. Wessells. 1970. Intra- and extracellular control of epithelial morphogenesis. Dev. Biol. Suppl. 4: 195–249.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Manasek, F. J. 1975. The extracellular matrix: A dynamic component of the develo** embryo. Curr. Top. Dev. Biol. 10: 35–102.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Hay, E. D. 1977. Interactions between the cell surface and extracellular matrix in corneal development. In: J. W. Lash, and M. M. Burger (Eds.),Cell and Tissue Interactions. Raven Press, New York, pp. 115–138.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Gross, J. 1976. Aspects of the animal collagenase. In: G. Ramachandran, and A. H. Reddi (Eds.),Biochemistry of Collagen. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 275–317.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Lung, B., and G. R. Cunha. 1979. Development of seminal vesicles and coagulating glands in neonatal mice. I. The morphogenetic effects of various hormonal conditions. Anat. Rec., submitted for publication.

  95. Cunha, G. R., and B. Lung. 1977. The effect of various hormonal conditions on the morphogenesis of the seminal vesicles (SV) and coagulating glands (CG) of neonatal mice (abstr.). Anat. Rec. 187: 561.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Cunha, G. R., and B. Lung. 1979. Development of seminal vesicles and coagulating glands in neonatal mice. II. Histochemical and autoradiographic localization of glycosaminoglycans. Anat. Rec., submitted for publication.

  97. Bernfield, M. R., and S. D. Banerjee. 1972. Acid mucopolysaccharide (glycosaminoglycan) at the epithelial mesenchymal interface of mouse embryo salivary glands. J. Cell Biol. 52: 664–673.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Bernfield, M. R., S. D. Banerjee, and R. H. Cohn. 1972. Dependence of salivary epithelial morphology and branching morphogenesis upon acid mucopolysaccharide-protein (proteoglycan) at the epithelial surface. J. Cell Biol. 52: 674–689.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Cohn, R. H., S. D. Banerjee, and M. R. Bernfield. 1977. Basal lamina of embryonic salivary epithelia: Nature of the glycosaminoglycans and organization of extracellular materials. J. Cell Biol. 73: 464–478.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Banerjee, S. D., R. H. Cohn, and M. R. Bernfield. 1977. Basal lamina of embryonic salivary epithelia: Production by the epithelium and role in maintaining lobular morphology. J. Cell Biol. 73: 445–463.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Franks, L. M., and A. A. Barton. 1960 The effects of testosterone on the ultrastructure of the mouse prostatein vivo and in organ cultures. Exp. Cell Res. 19: 35–50.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Sengel, P. 1976.Morphogenesis of Skin. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp. 85–138.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Cooper, M., and H. Pinkus. 1977. Intrauterine transplantation of rat basal cell carcinoma as a model for reconversion of malignant to benign growth. Cancer Res. 37: 2544–2552.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. McNeal, J. E. 1978. Origin and evolution of benign prostatic enlargement. Invest. Urol. 15: 340–345.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Stumpf, W. E., and M. Sar. 1976. Autoradiographic localization of estrogen, androgen, progestin, and glucocorticosteroid in “target tissues” and “non-target tissues”. In: J. R. Pasqualini (Ed.),Receptors and Mechanism of Action of Steroid Hormones Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, pp. 41–84.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

The study was supported in part by Grant No. PDT-8 from the American Cancer Society, and Contract Grants N01-CP-55649 and N01-CP-75875 from the National Cancer Institute.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Cunha, G.R., Lung, B. The importance of stroma in morphogenesis and functional activity of urogenital epithelium. In Vitro 15, 50–71 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02627079

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02627079

Key words

Navigation