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Acyl-CoA binding proteins: Multiplicity and function

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Lipids

An Erratum to this article was published on 01 November 1996

Abstract

The physiological role of long-chain fatty acyl-CoA is thought to be primarily in intermediary metabolism of fatty acids. However, recent data show that nM to μM levels of these lipophilic molecules are potent regulators of cell functionsin vitro. Although long-chain fatty acyl-CoA are present at several hundred μM concentration in the cell, very little long-chain fatty acyl-CoA actually exists as free or unbound molecules, but rather is bound with high affinity to membrane lipids and/or proteins. Recently, there is growing awareness that cytosol contains nonenzymatic proteins also capable of binding long-chain fatty acyl-CoA with high affinity. Although the identity of the cytosolic long-chain fatty acyl-CoA binding protein(s) has been the subject of some controversy, there is growing evidence that several diverse nonenzymatic cytosolic proteins will bind long-chain fatty acyl-CoA. Not only does acyl-CoA binding protein specifically bind medium and long-chain fatty acyl-CoA (LCFA-CoA), but ubiquitous proteins with multiple ligand specificities such as the fatty acid binding proteins and sterol carrier protein-2 also bind LCFA-CoA with high affinity. The potential of these acyl-CoA binding proteins to influence the level of free LCFA-CoA and thereby the amount of LCFA-CoA bound to regulatory sites in proteins and enzymes is only now being examined in detail. The purpose of this article is to explore the identity, nature, function, and pathobiology of these fascinating newly discovered long-chain fatty acyl-CoA binding proteins. The relative contributions of these three different protein families to LCFA-CoA utilization and/or regulation of cellular activities are the focus of new directions in this field.

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Abbreviations

ACBP:

acyl-CoA binding protein

ACC:

acetyl-CoA carboxylase

ALBP:

adipocyte lipid binding protein

ANT:

adenine nucleotide translocase

B-FABP:

brain fatty acid binding protein

DBI:

diazepam binding inhibitor

GABA:

gamma aminorbutyric acid

H-FABP:

heart fatty acid binding protein

I-FABP:

intestinal fatty acid binding protein

L-FABP:

liver fatty acid binding protein

LCFA-CoA:

long-chain fatty acyl-CoA

NBD:

stearate, 12-N-methyl-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol)amino stearate

NMR:

nuclear magnetic resonance

ODN:

octadecaneuropeptide

PBR:

peripheral benzodiazepine receptors

SCP-2:

sterol carrier protein-2

tricine:

N-[tris-(hydroxymethyl)methyllglycine

TTN:

triacontatetraneuropeptide

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M Univeristy, TVMC, 77843-4466, College Station, Texas

    Ruanna E. Gossett, John B. Roths & Ann B. Kier

  2. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, 77843-4466, College Station, Texas

    Andrey A. Frolov & Friedhelm Schroeder

  3. Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 45267-0524, Cincinnati, Ohio

    W. David Behnke

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  1. Ruanna E. Gossett
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  2. Andrey A. Frolov
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  3. John B. Roths
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  4. W. David Behnke
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  6. Friedhelm Schroeder
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An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02524297.

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Gossett, R.E., Frolov, A.A., Roths, J.B. et al. Acyl-CoA binding proteins: Multiplicity and function. Lipids 31, 895–918 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02522684

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