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Comparison of particle packing models for proportioning concrete constitutents for minimum voids ratio

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Abstract

This paper reports the findings of a study of four particle packing models used to proportion the mix constituents (solid particles) of concrete to produce a minimum voids ratio (or maximum packing density). The models have been compared using laboratory tests and published data. The basic mathematics of the models is discussed, particularly how each model defines the particle size distribution of the solid particles. The models have been applied to both the aggregate (sand and gravel) and the cement phase (PC, PFA, GGBS and limestone fines) and the estimated voids ratio compared with that measured in the laboratory. It was found that the models give broadly the same output and suggest similar combinations of materials to give the minimum voids ratio. Using the materials considered it was found that the largest improvement in voids ratio was achieved with the aggregate phase. The particle sizes of the cements considered here were similar and, as a result, only small improvements in voids ratio could be achieved. It was noted that proportioning concrete mix constituents to minimise voids ratio did tend to produce a harsher mix than normal. However, using the mix suitability factor, proposed by Day (1999), reduced this problem. There are some detail differences between the models suggesting further refinements could be carried out and a modification to one of the models is provided.

Résumé

Cet article enregistre les résultats d'une étude de quatre modèles d'emballage de particules utilisés pour proportionner les constituants de mélange (particules pleines) du béton afin de produire un indice des vides minimum (ou la densité d'empilement maximum). Les modèles ont été comparés en utilisant des essais en laboratoire et des données éditées. Les mathématiques de base des modèles sont discutées, en particulier la façon dont chaque modèle définit la distribution de la dimension des particules pleines. Les modèles ont été appliqués au granulat (sable et gravier), à la phase de ciment (ciment, cendres volantes, laitier de haut fourneau et fines calcaires) et à l'indice estimé des vides par rapport à celui mesuré en laboratoire. On a constaté que les modèles donnent généralement les mêmes résultats et suggèrent des combinaisons semblables pour les matériaux pour donner l'indice des vides minimum. En utilisant les matériaux étudiés, on a constaté que la plus forte amélioration de l'indice des vides a été réalisée avec la phase globale. Les dimensions des particules des ciments considérés ici étaient semblables et, en conséquence, seules de petites améliorations de l'indice des vides pourraient être réalisées. On a noté que les proportions des constituants du mélange de béton visant à réduire au minimum l'indice des vides a eu tendance à produire un mélange plus dur que la normale. Cependant, en utilisant le facteur d'adéquation des mélanges, proposé par Day (1999), on réduit ce problème. Il y a quelques différences de détail entre les modèles suggérant que d'autres améliorations pourraient être effectuées et la modification de l'un des modèles est fournie.

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Jones, M.R., Zheng, L. & Newlands, M.D. Comparison of particle packing models for proportioning concrete constitutents for minimum voids ratio. Mat. Struct. 35, 301–309 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02482136

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