SpringerLink
Log in

Urinary inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystallization and their potential role in stone formation

  • Published:
World Journal of Urology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Germany)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Addadi L, Weiner S (1985) Interactions between acidic proteins and crystals: stereochemical requirements in biomineralization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 4110–4114

    Google Scholar 

  2. Akinci N, Esen T, Kocak T, Ozsoy C, Tellaloglu S (1992) The role of inhibitor deficiency in urolithiasis. I. Rationale of urinary magnesium, citrate, pyrophosphate and glycosaminoglycan determinations. Eur Urol 19: 240–243

    Google Scholar 

  3. Atmani F, Khan SR (1995) Characterization of uronic-acidrich inhibitor of calcium oxalate crystallization isolated from rat urine. Urol Res 23: 95–101

    Google Scholar 

  4. Atmani F, Lacour B, Drüeke T, Daudon M (1993) Isolation and purification of a new glycoprotein from human urine inhibiting calcium oxalate crystallization. Urol Res 21: 6

    Google Scholar 

  5. Atmani F, Lacour B, Strecker G. Parvy P, Drüeke T, Daudon M (1993) Molecular characteristics of uronic-acid-rich protein, a strong inhibitor of calcium oxalate crystallization in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 191: 1158–1165

    Google Scholar 

  6. Atmani F, Lacour B, Jungers P, Drüeke T, Daudon M (1994) Reduced inhibitory activity of uronic-acid-rich protein (UAP) in the urine of stone formers. Urol Res 22: 257–260

    Google Scholar 

  7. Atmani F, Mizon J, Khan SR (1996) Identification of uronic-acid-rich protein as urinary bikunin, a light chain of inter-atrypsin inhibitor. Eur J Biochem 236: 984–990

    Google Scholar 

  8. Atmani F, Opalko FJ, Khan SR (1996) Association of urinary macromolecules with calcium oxalate crystals induced in vitro in normal human and rat urine. Urol Res 24: 45–50

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bach D, Hesse A, Strenge A, Vahlensieck W (1981) Magnesium excretion in urine on condition of individual standard diet in healthy controls and calcium oxalate stone formers. In: Smith LH, Robertson WG, Finlayson B (eds)Urolithiasis: clinical and basic research. Plenum, New York, pp 45–49

    Google Scholar 

  10. Baggio B, Gambaro G, Favaro S, Borsatti A, Pavanello L, Siviero B, Zaccjello G, Rizzoni GF (1983) Juvenile renal stone disease: a study of urinary promoting and inhibiting factors. J Urol 130: 1133–1135

    Google Scholar 

  11. Baggio B, Gambaro G, Cicerello E, Mastrosimone S, Marzaro G, Borsatti A, Pagano F (1987) Urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycans in urological disease. Clin Biochem 20: 449–450

    Google Scholar 

  12. Baumann JM, Bisaz S, Felix R, Fleisch H, Ganz U, Russell RGG (1977) The role of inhibitors and other factors in the pathogenesis of calcium-containing renal stones. Clin Sci Mol Med 53: 141–148

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bichler KH, Kirchner C, Ideler V (1976) Uromucoid excretion of normal individuals and stone formers. Br J Urol 47: 733–738

    Google Scholar 

  14. Boyce WH (1968) Organic matrix of human urinary concretions. Am J Med 45: 673–683

    Google Scholar 

  15. Boyce WH, Garvey FK (1956) The amount and nature of the organic matrix in urinary calculi: a review. J Urol 76: 213–227

    Google Scholar 

  16. Boyce WH, King J, Fielden M (1962) Total non-dialyzable solids (TNDS) in human urine XIII. Immunological detection of a component peculiar to renal calculous matrix and to urine of calculous patients. J Clin Invest 41: 1180–1189

    Google Scholar 

  17. Brown LF, Berse B, Van De Water L, Papadopoulos-Sergiou A, Perruzzi CA, Manseau EJ, Dvorak HF, Senger DR (1992) Expression and distribution of osteopontin in human tissues: widespread association with luminal epithelial surfaces. Mol Biol Cell 3: 1169–1180

    Google Scholar 

  18. Canary JJ, Meloni CR, Cline D, Grossman E (1964) The renal clearance of citrate in man. Metabolism 13: 21–30

    Google Scholar 

  19. Cao LC, Boevé ER, Schröder FH, Robertson WG, Ketelaars GAM, De Bruijn (1992) The effect of two new semi-synthetic glycosaminoglycans (G871, G872) on the zeta potential of calcium oxalate crystals and on growth and agglomeration. J Urol 147: 1643–1646

    Google Scholar 

  20. Caudarella R, Stefani F, Rizzoli E, Malavolta N, D'Antuono G (1983) Preliminary results of glycosaminoglycans excretion in normal and stone forming subjects: relationship with uric acid excretion. J Urol 129: 665–667

    Google Scholar 

  21. Cramer W (1932) Experimental production of kidney lesions by diet. Lancet II: 174–175

    Google Scholar 

  22. Crassweller PO, Oreopoulos DG, Toguri A Husdan H, Wilson DR, Rapoport A (1978) Studies in inhibitors of calcification and levels of urine saturation with calcium oxalate in recurrent stone patients. J Urol 120: 6–10

    Google Scholar 

  23. Crawford JE, Crematy EP, Alexander AE (1968) The effect of natural and synthetic polyelectrolytes on the crystallization of calcium oxalate. Aust J Chem 21: 1067–1072

    Google Scholar 

  24. Dawson CJ, Grover PK, Ryall RL (1996) Inter-α-trypsin inhibitor in urine, calcium oxalate crystals and calcium stones. In: Pak CYC, Resnick MI, Preminger GM (eds) Urolithiasis 1996. Millet, Dallas, pp 275–276

    Google Scholar 

  25. Dent CE, Smor DJ (1971) Presence or absence of inhibitor of calcium oxalate crystal growth in urine of normals or stone formers. Lancet II: 772–778

    Google Scholar 

  26. Doremus RH, Teich S, Silvis PX (1978) Crystallization of calcium oxalate from synthetic urine. Invest Urol 15: 469–472

    Google Scholar 

  27. Doyle IR, Ryall RL, Marshall VR (1991) Inclusion of proteins into calcium oxalate crystals precipitated from human urine: a highly selective phenomenon. Clin Chem 37: 1589–1594

    Google Scholar 

  28. Drach GW, Thorson S, Randolph AD (1980) Effects of urinary organic macromolecules on crystallisation of calcium oxalate: enhancement of nucleation. J Urol 123: 519–523

    Google Scholar 

  29. Elliot JS, Ribiero ME (1972) The urinary excretion of citrate, hippuric acid and lactic acid in normal adults and in patients with calcium oxalate urinary calculus disease. Invest Urol 10: 102–106

    Google Scholar 

  30. Fellström B, Danielson BG, Ljunghall S, Wikström B (1986) Crystal inhibition: the effects of polyanions on calcium oxalate crystal growth. Clin Chim Acta 158: 229–235

    Google Scholar 

  31. Fleisch H, Bisaz S (1962) Isolation from urine of pyrophosphate, a calcification inhibitor. Am J Physiol 203: 671–675

    Google Scholar 

  32. Fleisch H, Bisaz S (1962) Mechanism of calcification: inhibitory role of pyrophosphate. Nature 195: 911

    Google Scholar 

  33. Goldberg JM, Cotlier E (1972) Specific isolation and analysis of mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) from human urine. Clin Chim Acta 41: 19–27

    Google Scholar 

  34. Grant AMS, Baker LRI, Neuberger A (1973) Urinary Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein in certain kidney diseases and its content in renal and bladder calculi. Clin Sci 44: 377–384

    Google Scholar 

  35. Grases F, Gil JJ, Conte A (1989) Glycosaminoglycans inhibition of calcium oxalate crystalline growth and promotion of crystal aggregation. Coll Surf 36: 29–38

    Google Scholar 

  36. Hallson PC, Rose GA (1976) Crystalluria in normal subjects and stone formers with and without thiazide and cellulose phosphate treatment. Br J Urol 48: 515–524

    Google Scholar 

  37. Hallson PC, Rose GA (1979) Uromucoids and urinary stone formation. Lancet I: 1000–1002

    Google Scholar 

  38. Hallson PC, Rose GA, Sulaiman S (1982) Magnesium reduces calcium oxalate crystal formation in human whole urine. Clin Sci 62: 17–19

    Google Scholar 

  39. Hallson PC, Rose GA, Sulaiman S (1983) Pyrophosphate does not influence calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate crystal formation in concentrated whole human urine. Urol Res 11: 151–154

    Google Scholar 

  40. Hallson PC, Rose GA, Sulaiman S (1983) Raising urinary citrate lowers calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate crystal formation in whole urine. Urol Int 38: 179–181

    Google Scholar 

  41. Harangi F, Györke Z, Melegh B (1996) Urinary glycosaminoglycan excretion in healthy and stone forming children. Pediatr Nephrol 10: 555–558

    Google Scholar 

  42. Hastings AB, McLean FC, Eichelberger L, Hall JL, Da Costa E (1934) The ionization of calcium, magnesium and strontium citrates. J Biol Chem 107: 351–370

    Google Scholar 

  43. Hess B (1991) The role of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein and nephrocalcin in calcium oxalate monohydrate crystallization processes. Scanning Microsc 5: 689–696

    Google Scholar 

  44. Hess B (1992) Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein-inhibitor or promoter of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystallization processes? Urol Res 20: 83–86

    Google Scholar 

  45. Hess B, Kok DJ (1996) Nucleation, growth and aggregation of stone-forming crystals. In: Coe FL, Favus MJ, Pak CYC, Parks JH, Preminger GM (eds) Kidney stones: medical and surgical management. Lippincott-Raven Philadelphia, pp 3–32

  46. Hess B, Nakagawa Y, Coe FL (1989) Nephrocalcin isolated from human kidney stones is a defective calcium-oxalatemonohydrate crystal-aggregation inhibitor. In: Walker VR, Sutton RAL, Cameron EC, Pak CYC, Robertson WG (eds) Urolithiasis. Plenum, New York London, pp 137–139

    Google Scholar 

  47. Hesse A, Wuzel H, Vahlensieck W (1986) The excretion of glycosaminoglycans in the urine of calcium-oxalate-stone patients and healthy persons. Urol Int 41: 81–87

    Google Scholar 

  48. Hodgkinson A (1962) Citric acid excretion in normal adults and in patients with renal calculus. Clin Sci 23: 203–212

    Google Scholar 

  49. Howard JE, Thomas WC (1958) Some observations on rachitic rat cartilage of probable significance in the etiology of renal calculi. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 70: 94–102

    Google Scholar 

  50. Hoyer JR (1995) Uropontin in urinary calcium stone formation. Miner Electrolyte Metab 20: 385–392

    Google Scholar 

  51. Hunt JS, McGiven AR, Grouvsky A, Lynn KL, Taylor MC (1994) Affinity-purified antibodies of defined specificity for use in a solid-phase microplate radioimmunoassay of human Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein in urine. Biochem J 227: 957–963

    Google Scholar 

  52. Hwang TIS, Preminger GM, Poindexter J, Pak CYC (1988) Urinary glycosaminoglycans in normal subjects and patients with stones. J Urol 139: 995–997

    Google Scholar 

  53. Johansson G, Backman U, Danielson BG, Fellström B, Ljunghall S (1980) Biochemical and clinical effects of the prophylactic treatment of renal calcium stones with magnesium hydroxide. J Urol 124: 770–774

    Google Scholar 

  54. Kaiser ET, Bock SC (1989) Protein inhibitors of crystal growth. J Urol 141: 750–752

    Google Scholar 

  55. Kitamura T, Pak CYC (1982) Tamm and Horsfall glycoprotein does not promote spontaneous precipitation and crystal growth of calcium oxalate in vitro. J Urol 127: 1024–1026

    Google Scholar 

  56. Kohri K, Garside J, Blacklock NJ (1989) The effect of glycosaminoglycans on the crystallization of calcium oxalate. Br J Urol 63: 584–590

    Google Scholar 

  57. Kohri K, Suzuki Y, Yoshida K, Yamamoto K, Amasaki N, Yamate T, Umekawa T, Iguchi M, Sinohara H, Kurita T (1992) Molecular cloning and sequencing of cDNA encoding urinary stone protein, which is identical to osteopontin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 184: 859–864

    Google Scholar 

  58. Kohri K, Nomura S, Kitamura Y, Nagata T, Yoshioka K, Iguchi M, Yamate T, Umekawa T, Suzuki Y, Sinohara H, Kurita T (1993) Structure and expression of the mRNA encoding urinary stone protein (osteopontin). J Biol Chem 268: 15180–15184

    Google Scholar 

  59. Kok DJ (1996) Inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystallization. In: Khan SR (ed)Calcium oxalate in biological systems. CRC, Boca Raton New York London Tokyo, pp 23–36

    Google Scholar 

  60. Kok DJ, Papapoulos SE, Bijvoet OLM (1986) Excessive crystal agglomeration with low citrate excretion in recurrent stone formers. Lancet I: 1056–1058

    Google Scholar 

  61. Lama G, Carbone MG, Marrone N, Russo P, Spagnolo G (1990) Promoters and inhibitors of calcium urolithiasis in children. Child Nephrol Urol 10: 81–84

    Google Scholar 

  62. Li MK, Blacklock NJ, Garside J (1985) Effects of magnesium on calcium oxalate crystallization. J Urol 133: 123–125

    Google Scholar 

  63. Martin X, Werness PG, Bergert JH, Smith LH (1984) Pentosan polysulfate as an inhibitor of calcium oxalate crystal growth. J Urol 132: 786–788

    Google Scholar 

  64. Menon M, Mahle CJ (1983) Urinary citrate excretion in patients with renal calculi. J Urol 129: 1158–1160

    Google Scholar 

  65. Meyer JL, Smith LH (1975) Growth of calcium oxalate crystals. II. Inhibition by natural crystal growth inhibitors. Invest Urol 13: 36–39

    Google Scholar 

  66. Michelacci YM, Glashan RQ, Schor N (1989) Urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycans in normal and stone forming subjects. Urol Int 44: 218–221

    Google Scholar 

  67. Michelacci YM, Boim MA, Bergamaschi CT, Rovigatti RM, Schor N (1992) Possible role for chondroitin sulfate in urolithiasis: in vivo studies in an experimental model. Clin Chim Acta 208: 1–8

    Google Scholar 

  68. Miyazawa K, Suzuki K, Tsugawa R (1989) The quantitative study of inhibitory effect of pentosan polysulfate and chlorophyllin on the experimental calcium oxalate stone. Jpn J Urol 80: 861–869

    Google Scholar 

  69. Nakagawa Y, Margolis HC, Yokoyama S, Kezdy FJ, Kaiser ET, Coe FL (1981) Purification and characterization of a calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal growth inhibitor from human kidney tissue culture medium. J Biol Chem 256: 3936–3944

    Google Scholar 

  70. Nakagawa Y, Abram V, Kezdy FJ, Kaiser ET, Coe FL (1983) Purification and characterization of the principal inhibitor of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal growth in human urine. J Biol Chem 258: 12594–12600

    Google Scholar 

  71. Nakagawa Y, Abram V, Coe FL (1984) Isolation of calcium oxalate crystal growth inhibitor from rat kidney and urine. Am J Physiol 247: F765-F772

    Google Scholar 

  72. Nakagawa Y, Abram V, Parks JH, Lau HS-H, Kawooya JK, Coe FL (1985) Urine glycoprotein crystal growth inhibitors. Evidence for a molecular abnormality in calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. J Clin Invest 76: 1455–1462

    Google Scholar 

  73. Nakagawa Y, Ahmed M, Hall SL, Deganello S, Coe FL (1987) Isolation from human calcium oxalate renal stones of nephrocalcin, a glycoprotein inhibitor of calcium oxalate crystal growth. Evidence that nephrocalcin from patients with calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis is deficient in gamma-carboxyglutamic acid. J Clin Invest 79: 1782–1787

    Google Scholar 

  74. Nakagawa Y, Netzer M, Coe FL (1990) Immunohistochemical localization of nephrocalcin (NC) to proximal tubule and thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (TALH) of human and mouse kidney (abstract) Kidney Int 37: 474

    Google Scholar 

  75. Nesse A, Garbossa G, Romero MC, Bogardo CE, Zanchetta JR (1992) Glycosaminoglycans in urolithiasis. Nephron 62: 36–39

    Google Scholar 

  76. Nicar MJ, Skula C, Sakhaee K, Pak CYC (1983) Low citrate excretion in nephrolithiasis. Urology 21: 8–14

    Google Scholar 

  77. Nikkilä MT (1989) Urinary glycosaminoglycan excretion in normal and stone-forming subjects: significant disturbance in recurrent stone formers. Urol Int 44: 157–159

    Google Scholar 

  78. Nishio S, Abe Y, Wakatsuki A, Iwata H, Ochi K, Takeuchi M, Matsumoto A (1985) Matrix glycosaminoglycan in urinary stones. J Urol 134: 503–505

    Google Scholar 

  79. Norman RW, Scurr DS, Robertson WG, Peacock M (1984) Inhibition of calcium oxalate crystallisation by pentosan polysulphate in control subjects and stone formers. Br J Urol 56: 594–598

    Google Scholar 

  80. O'Brien MM, Uhlemann I, McIntosh HW (1967) Urinary pyrophosphate in normal subjects and in stone formers. Can Med Assoc J 96: 100–103

    Google Scholar 

  81. Oreopoulos DG, Walker D, Akriotis DJ, Roncari DAK, Husdan H, Symvoulidis A, Deveber GA, Rapoport A, Reid DBW (1975) Excretion of inhibitors of calcification in urine. I. Findings in control subjects and patients with renal stones. Can Med Assoc J 112: 827–832

    Google Scholar 

  82. Osswald H, Weinheimer G, Schütt I-D, Ernst W (1989) Effective prevention of calcium-oxalate crystal formation in vitro and in vivo by pentosan polysulfate. In: Walker VR, Sutton RAL, Cameron ECB, Pak CYC, Robertson WG (eds) Urolithiasis. Plenum, New York London, pp 141–144

    Google Scholar 

  83. Pak CYC (1987) Citrate and renal calculi. Miner Electrolyte Metab 13: 257–266

    Google Scholar 

  84. Pak CYC (1994) Citrate and renal calculi: an update. Miner Electrolyte Metab 20: 371–377

    Google Scholar 

  85. Pak CYC, Holt K, Zerwekh J, Barilla DE (1978) Effects of orthophosphate therapy on the crystallization of calcium salts in urine. Miner Electrolyte Metab 2: 147–154

    Google Scholar 

  86. Pak CYC, Holt K, Zerwekh JE (1979) Attenuation by monosodium urate of the inhibitory effect of glycosaminoglycans on calcium oxalate nucleation. Invest Urol 17: 138–140

    Google Scholar 

  87. Pylypchuk G, Ehrig V, Wilson DR (1979) Differences in urine crystalloids, urine saturation with brushite and urine inhibitors of calcification between persons with and persons without recurrent kidney stone formation. Can Med Assoc J 120: 658–665

    Google Scholar 

  88. Roberts SD, Resnick MI (1986) Glycosaminoglycans content of stone matrix. J Urol 135: 1078–1083

    Google Scholar 

  89. Robertson WG, Peacock M (1972) Calcium oxalate crystalluria and inhibitors of crystallisation in recurrent renal stoneformers. Clin Sci 43: 499–506

    Google Scholar 

  90. Robertson WG, Scurr DS (1986) Modifiers of calcium crystallization found in urine. I. Studies with a continuous crystallizer using an artifical urine. J Urol 135: 1322–1326

    Google Scholar 

  91. Robertson WG, Peacock M, Nordin BEC (1968) Activity products in stone-forming and non-stone-forming urines. Clin Sci 34: 579–594

    Google Scholar 

  92. Robertson WG, peacock M, Nordin BEC (1973) Inhibitors of the growth and aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals in vitro. Clin Chim Acta 43: 31–37

    Google Scholar 

  93. Robertson WG, Peacock M, Heyburn PJ, Marshall DH, Clark PB (1978) Risk factors in calcium stone disease of the urinary tract. Br J Urol 50: 449–454

    Google Scholar 

  94. Robertson WG, Scurr DS, Bridge CM (1981) Factors influencing the crystallization of calcium oxalate in urine — a critique. J Cryst Growth 53: 182–194

    Google Scholar 

  95. Rose GA, Sulaiman S (1982) Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein promotes calcium phosphate crystal formation in urine: quantitative studies. J Urol 127: 177–179

    Google Scholar 

  96. Rudman D, Kutner MH, Redd SC, Waters WG, Gerron GG, Bleier J (1982) Hypocitraturia in calcium nephrolithiasis. J Endocrinol Metab 55: 1052–1057

    Google Scholar 

  97. Rushton HG, Spector M (1982) Effects of magnesium deficieny on intratubular calcium oxalate formation and crystalluria in hyperoxaluric rats. J Urol 127: 598–604

    Google Scholar 

  98. Russell RGG, Hodgkinson A (1966) The urinary excretion of inorganic pyrophosphate by normal subjects and patients with renal calculus. Clin Sci 31: 51–62

    Google Scholar 

  99. Ryall RL (1996) Glycosaminoglycans, proteins and stone formation: adult themes and child's play. Pediatr Nephrol 10: 656–666

    Google Scholar 

  100. Ryall RL, Marshall VR (1983) The value of the 24hr urine analysis in the assessment of stone formers attending a general hospital outpatient clinic. Br J Urol 55: 1–5

    Google Scholar 

  101. Ryall RL, Marshall VR (1984) The relationship between urinary inhibitory activity and endogenous concentrations of glycosaminoglycans and uric acid: comparison of urines from stone formers and normal subjects. Clin Chim Acta 141: 197–204

    Google Scholar 

  102. Ryall RL, Marshall VR (1990) Investigation and management of idiopathic urolithiasis. In: Wickham JEA, Buck AC (eds) Renal tract stone: metabolic basis and clinical practice. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh London Melbourne New York, pp 307–331

    Google Scholar 

  103. Ryall RL, Stapleton AMF (1995) Urinary macromolecules in calcium oxalate stone and crystal matrix: good, bad, or indifferent? In: Khan SR (ed) Calcium oxalate in biological systems. CRC, Boca Raton New York London Tokyo, pp 265–290

    Google Scholar 

  104. Ryall RL, Harnett RM, Marshall VR (1981) The effect of urine, pyrophosphate, citrate, magnesium and glycosaminoglycans on the growth and aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals in vitro. Clin Chim Acta 112: 349–356

    Google Scholar 

  105. Ryall RL, Darroch JN, Marshall VR (1984) The evaluation of risk factors in male stone formers attending a general hospital out-patient clinic. Br J Urol 56: 116–121

    Google Scholar 

  106. Ryall RL, Hibberd CM, Marshall VR (1985) A method for studying inhibitory activity in whole urine. Urol Res 13: 285–289

    Google Scholar 

  107. Ryall RL, Hibberd CM, Mazzachi BC, Marshall VR (1986) Inhibitory activity of whole urine: a comparison of urines from stone formers and normal subjects. Clin Chim Acta 154: 59–68

    Google Scholar 

  108. Ryall RL, Harnett RM, Hibberd CM, Mazzachi BC, Mazzachi RD, Marshall VR (1987) Urinary risk factors in calcium oxalate stone disease: a comparison of men and women. Br J Urol 60: 480–488

    Google Scholar 

  109. Ryall RL, Grover PK, Harnett RM, Hibberd CM, Marshall VR (1989) Small molecular weight inhibitors. In: Walker VR, Sutton RAL, Cameron ECB, Pak CYC, Robertson WG (eds) Urolithiasis. Plenum, New York London, pp 91–96

    Google Scholar 

  110. Ryall RL, Harnett RM, Hibberd CM, Edyvane KA, Marshall VR (1991) Effects of chondroitin sulphate, human serum albumin and Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein on calcium oxalate crystallization in undiluted human urine. Urol Res 19: 181–188

    Google Scholar 

  111. Ryall RL, Grover PK, Stapleton AMF, Barrell DK, Tang Y, Moritz RL, Simpson RJ (1995) The urinary F1 activation peptide of human prothrombin is a potent inhibitor of calcium oxalate crystallization in undiluted human urine in vitro. Clin Sci 89: 533–541

    Google Scholar 

  112. Sabbatini L (1901) Archi Ital Biol 36: 397 (cited in [42])

    Google Scholar 

  113. Salier J-P (1990) Inter-α-trypsin inhibitor: emergence of a family within the Kunitz-type protease inhibitor superfamily. TIBS 15: 435–439

    Google Scholar 

  114. Samuell CT (1981) A study of glycosaminoglycan excretion in normal and stone-forming subjects using a modified cetylpyridinium chloride technique. Clin Chim Acta 117: 63–73

    Google Scholar 

  115. Sarig S, Garti N, Azoury R, Wax Y, Perlberg S (1982) A method for discrimination between calcium oxalate kidney stone formers and normals. J Urol 128: 645–649

    Google Scholar 

  116. Schwille PO, Scholz D, Paulus M, Engelhardt W, Segel A (1979) Citrate in daily and fasting urine. Results of controls, patients with recurrent idiopathic calcium urolithiasis and primary hyperparathyroidism. Invest Urol 16: 457–462

    Google Scholar 

  117. Schwille PO, Scholz D, Schwille K, Leutschaft R, Goldberg I, Segel A (1982) Citrate in urine and serum and associated variables in subgroups of urolithiasis. Nephron 31: 194–202

    Google Scholar 

  118. Scurr DS, Robertson WG (1986) Modifiers of calcium oxalate crystallization found in urine. II. Studies on their mode of action in an artificial urine. J Urol 136: 128–131

    Google Scholar 

  119. Shiraga H, Min W, VanDusen WJ, Clayman MD, Miner D, Terrell CH, Sherbotie JR, Foreman JW, Przysiecki C, Neilson EG, Hoyer JR (1992) Inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal growth in vitro by uropontin: another member of the aspartic acid-rich protein superfamily. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 426–430

    Google Scholar 

  120. Shorr E, Almay TP, Sloan MH, Taussky H, Toscani V (1942) The relation between the urinary excretion of citric acid and calcium: its implications for urinary calcium stone formation. Science 96: 587–588

    Google Scholar 

  121. Shum DKY, Gohel MDI (1993) Separate effects of urinary chondroitin sulphate and heparan sulphate upon the crystallization of urinary calcium oxalate: differences between stone formers and normal controls. Clin Sci 85: 33–39

    Google Scholar 

  122. Sørenson S, Hansen K, Bak S, Justesen SJ (1990) An unidentified macromolecular inhibitory constituent of calcium oxalate crystal growth in human urine. Urol Res 18: 373–379

    Google Scholar 

  123. Springmann KE, Drach GW, Gottung B, Randolph AD (1986) Effects of human urine on aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals. J Urol 135: 69–71

    Google Scholar 

  124. Stapleton AMF, Ryall FL (1995) Blood coagulation proteins and urolithiasis are linked: crystal matrix protein is the F1 activation peptide of human prothrombin. Br J Urol 75: 712–719

    Google Scholar 

  125. Stapleton AMF, Seymour AE, Brennan IS, Doyle IR, Marshall VR, Ryall RL (1993) The immunohistochemical distribution and quantification of crystal matrix protein. Kidney Int 44: 817–824

    Google Scholar 

  126. Stapleton AMF, Simpson RJ, Ryall RL (1993) Crystal matrix protein is related to human prothrombin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 195: 1199–1203

    Google Scholar 

  127. Stapleton AMF, Dawson CJ, Grover PK, Hohman A, Comacchio R, Boswarva V, Tang Y, Ryall RL (1996) Further evidence linking urolithiasis and blood coagulation: urinary prothrombin fragment 1 is present in stone matrix. Kidney Int 49: 880–888

    Google Scholar 

  128. Stapleton AMF, Timme TL, Ryall RL (1996) The gene expression of human prothrombin in the human kidney: its potential relevance to kidney stone disease. In: Pak CYC, Resnick MI, Preminger GM (eds) Urolithiasis 1996. Millet, Dallas, pp 543–545

    Google Scholar 

  129. Suter DJ (1969) Growth studies of calcium oxalate in the presence of various ions and compounds. Br J Urol 41: 171–178

    Google Scholar 

  130. Suzuki K, Ryall RL (1996) The effect of heparan sulphate on the crystallization of calcium oxalate in undiluted, ultrafiltered human urine. Br J Urol 78: 15–21

    Google Scholar 

  131. Suzuki K, Miyazawa K, Tsugawa R (1989) Inhibitory effect of sodium pentosan polysulfate on the formation, growth and aggregation of calcium oxalate in vitro. Jpn J Urol 80: 526–531

    Google Scholar 

  132. Tang Y, Grover PK, Moritz RL, Simpson RJ, Ryall RL (1995) Is nephrocalcin related to the urinary derivative (bikunin) of inter-α-trypsin inhibitor? Br J Urol 75: 425–430

    Google Scholar 

  133. Thomas WC, Howard JE (1959) Studies on the mineralizing propensity of urine from patients with and without renal calculi. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 72: 181–187

    Google Scholar 

  134. Welshman SG, McGeown MG (1972) A quantitative investigation of the effects on the growth of calcium oxalate crystals of potential inhibitors. Br J Urol 44: 677–680

    Google Scholar 

  135. Welshman SG, McGeown MG (1975) the relationship of the urinary cations calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium in patients with renal calculi. Br J Urol 47: 237–242

    Google Scholar 

  136. Welshman SG, McGeown MG (1976) Urinary citrate excretion in stone-formers and normal controls. Br J Urol 48: 7–11

    Google Scholar 

  137. Wessler E (1971) The nature of the non-ultrafiltrable glycosaminoglycans of normal human urine. Biochem J 122: 373–384

    Google Scholar 

  138. Wikström B, Danielson BG, Ljunghall S, McGuire M, Russell RGG (1983) Urinary pyrophosphate excretion in renal stone formers with normal and impaired renal function. World J Urol 1: 150–154

    Google Scholar 

  139. Worcester EM, Blumenthal SS, Beshensky A (1992) The calcium oxalate crystal growth inhibitor protein produced by mouse kidney cortical cells in culture is osteopontin. J Bone Miner Res 7: 1029–1036

    Google Scholar 

  140. Worcester EM, Sebastian JL, Hiatt JG, Beshensky AM, Sadowski JA (1993) The effect of warfarin on urine calcium oxalate crystal growth inhibition and urinary excretion of calcium and nephrocalcin. Calcif Tissue Int 53: 242–248

    Google Scholar 

  141. Yamaguchi S, Yoshioka T, Utsonomiya M, Koide T, Osafune M, Okuyama A, Sonoda T (1993) Heparan sulfate in the stone matrix and its inhibitory effect on calcium oxalate crystallization. Urol Res 21: 187–192

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

    R. L. Ryall

Authors
  1. R. L. Ryall
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ryall, R.L. Urinary inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystallization and their potential role in stone formation. World J Urol 15, 155–164 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02201852

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02201852

Keywords

Search

Navigation