Abstract
Several elastic configurations containing cracks under transverse tension which intersect a free surface are investigated. In order to ensure reliable results two independent numerical methods are employed on a comparison problem, each method being tuned to handle the special features involved. The comparison provides confidence in other results which focus on the key quantity in linear elastic fracture mechanics, the energy release rate. These findings may be summarized as follows: that the decays in the energy release rates found as the free surface is approached in the various problems treated are probably not significant from a fracture toughness testing point of view and not of major consequence in cyclic life calculations, although there are some indications that this may not be the case if near-surface residual stress fields are present; and that these variations in energy release rate can be compensated for by relatively minor perturbations in crack-front profiles.
Résumé
On étudie diverses configurations élastiques comportant des fissures coupant une surface libre et soumises à tension transversale. Deux méthodes numériques indépendantes sont utilisées à titre comparatif sur un problème en vue d'obtenir des résultats fiables, chaque méthode étant adaptée en vue de tenir compte des caractéristiques spécifiques au problème.
Cette comparaison donne confiance dans d'autres résultats qui se basent sur un paramètre clé de la mécanique de rupture linéaire et élastique, le taux de relaxation de l'énergie. On peut résumer les conclusions de l'étude comme suit. Le fait que l'on trouve une atténuation du taux de relaxation de l'énergie au für et à mesure qu'on se rapproche d'une surface libre n'a probablement pas, dans les divers problèmes traités, de signification du point de vue de l'essai de ténacité à la rupture, et n'a pas d'influence majeure sur le calcul de la vie en fatigue, bien que certaines indications laissent appréhender que ce n'est pas le cas si sont présents au voisinage de la surface des champs de contrainte résiduelle. En outre, ces variations dans le taux de relaxation de l'énergie peuvent être compensées par des perturbations relativement mineures dans le profil du front de fissure.
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Burton, W.S., Sinclair, G.B., Solecki, J.S. et al. On the implications for LEFM of the three-dimensional aspects in some crack/surface intersection problems. Int J Fract 25, 3–32 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01152747
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01152747