Abstract
Subterranean morel sclerotia connected with ascomata of Morchella elata (Fr.) Boudier were found to surround 155 ectomycorrhizal root tips of Picea abies (L.) Karst, belonging to seven different types. Based upon anatomical and cytological studies, three ectomycorrhizal types could be attributed to types already described, whereas four types appeared to be undescribed. The nature of the association between the morel and the mycorrhizal types was dependent on the type and was not related to their vitality. In particular, morel ectomycorrhizas formed secondarily and exclusively by succeeding to primary mycorrhizas of a heterobasidiomycete. In addition to this triple association, an endobacterium was observed growing within the Hartig net of this heterobasidiomycete mycorrhiza. The significance of this complex of associations for the formation of ectomycorrhizas by the morel is discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agerer R (1990) Studies on ectomycorrhizae. XXIV. Ectomycorrhizae of Chroogomphus helveticus and C. rutilas (Gomphidiaceae Basidiomycetes) and their relationship to those of Suillus and Rhizopogon. Nova Hedwigia Kryptogamlnkd 50:1–63
Agerer R (1991a) Colour atlas of ectomycorrhizae. Einhorn, Schwäbisch Gmünd
Agerer R (1991b) Studies on ectomycorrhizae. XXXIV. Mycorrhizae of Gomphidus glutinosus and of G. roseus with some remarks on Gomphidiaceae (Basidiomycetes). Nova Hedwigia Kryptogamlnkd 53:127–170
Berg B (1989) Charakterisierung und Vergleich von Ektomykorrhizen gekalkter Fichtenbestände. PhD thesis, University of Munich
Berndt R, Kottke I, Oberwinkler F (1990) Ascomycete mycorrhizas from pot-grown silver fir seedlings (Abies alba Mill.). New Phytol 115:471–482
Berthet P (1964) Essai biotaxonomique sur les discomycètes. PhD thesis, University of Lyon
Bougarda K, Lapeyrie F, Dexheimer J (1990) A technique for dual vesicular arbuscular endomycorrhizal/ectomycorrhizal infection of Eucalyptus in vitro. New Phytol 114:73–76
Boutekrabt A, Pargney JC (1991) Etude ultrastructurale de Tuber melanosporum Vitt. en culture isolée et en association avec des vitroplants de Quercus (O. robur, O. Pubescens). Crypt Mycol 12:25–45
Brand F (1991) Ektomykorrhizen an Fagus sylvatica. Charakterisierung und Identifizierung, ökologische Kennzeichnung und unsterile Kultivierung. Libri Botanici 2, IHW, Eching
Brand F (1992) Mixed associations of fungi in ectomycorrhizal roots. In: Read DJ, Lewis DH, Fitter AH, Alexander IJ (eds) Mycorrhizas in ecosystems. CAB International, Wallingford, pp 142–147
Buscot F (1989) Field observations on growth and development of Morchella rotunda and Mitrophora semilibera in relation to forest soil temperature. Can J Bot 67:589–593
Buscot F (1992a) Stratégies écologiques et biologiques des morilles. Crypt Mycol 13:171–179
Buscot F (1992b) Mycorrhizal succession and morel biology. In: Read DJ, Lewis DH, Fitter AH, Alexander IJ (eds) Mycorrhizas in ecosystems. CAB International, Wallingford, pp 220–224
Buscot F (1992c) Synthesis of two types of associations between Morchella esculenta and Picea abies under controlled culture conditions. J Plant Physiol 141:12–17
Buscot F, Kottke I (1990) The association of Morchella rotunda (Pers.) Boudier with roots of Picea abies (L) Karst. New Phytol 116:425–430
Buscot F, Roux J (1987) Association between living roots and ascocarps of Morchella rotunda (Pers) Boudier. Trans Br Mycol Soc 89:249–252
Buscot F, Weber G, Oberwinkler F (1992) Interactions between Cylindrocarpon destructans and ectomycorrhizas of Picea abies with Laccaria laccata and Paxillus involutus. Trees 6:83–90
Duponnois R, Garbaye J (1990) Some mechanisms involved in growth stimulation of ectomycorrhizal fungi by bacteria. Can J Bot 68:2148–2152
Duponnois R, Garbaye J (1991) Effect of dual inoculation of Douglas fir with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria laccata and mycorrhization helper bacteria (MHB) in two bare-root forest nurseries. Plant Soil 138:169–176
Foster RC, Rovira AD, Cock JW (1983) Ultrastructure of the root-soil interface. American Phytopathology Society, St Paul, Minn
Garbaye J, Churin JL, Duponnois R (1992) Effects of substrate sterilization, fungicide treatment and mycorrhization helper bacteria on ectomycorrhizal formation of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) inoculated with Laccaria laccata in two peat bare-root nurseries. Biol Fertil Soils 13:55–57
Gronbach E (1988) Charakterisierung und Identifizierung von Ektomykorrhizen in einem Fichtenbestand mit Untersuchungen zur Merkmalevariabilität in sauer beregneten Flächen. (Bibliotheca mycologica, vol 125) Cramer, Berlin Stuttgart
Haug I, Oberwinkler F (1987) Some distinctive types of spruce mycorrhizae. Trees 1:172–188
Haug I, Pritsch K (1992) Ectomycorrhizal types of spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in the Black forest. A microscopical atlas. Kernforschungszentrum, Karlsruhe
Horan DP, Chilver GA, Lapeyrie FF (1988) Time sequence of infection process in eucalypt ectomycorrhizas. New Phytol 109:451–458
McDonald RM, Chandler MR (1981) Bacterium-like organelles in the vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus caledonius. New Phytol 89:241–246
Miller OK (1984) Taxonomy of ecto- and ectendomycorrhizal fungi. In: Schenk NC (eds) Methods and principles of mycorrhizal research. American Phytopathology Society, St Paul, Minn, pp 91–102
Spurr AR (1969) A low viscosity epoxy resin embedding medium for electron microscopy. J Ultrastruct Res 26:31–43
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Buscot, F. Ectomycorrhizal types and endobacteria associated with ectomycorrhizas of Morchella elata (Fr.) Boudier with Picea abies (L.) Karst. Mycorrhiza 4, 223–232 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00206784
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00206784