Abstract
Similar to all living organisms, plants require appropriate supplies of metal micronutrients for their normal metabolism, growth, and development. Plants being sessile in nature respond to external variations (both types and concentrations) of these metal and metalloid elements by employing a complex network of membrane transport system for efficient uptake, translocation, and compartmentalization of metal(loid)s in order to maintain the ion homeostasis. Among the different gene families involved in metal(loid) transport in plants, the ubiquitous cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) is a family of transmembrane transporters that efflux divalent cations from the cytoplasm to either subcellular locations or outside the cell. In plants, CDFs are called metal tolerance proteins (MTPs) and have shown specificity in transporting Zn2+, Mn2+, and Fe2+ but can also transport Cd2+, Co2+, and Ni2+, and some of these are also toxic to plants. Thus, the MTPs are presumed to carry out important and essential roles in mineral nutrition maintenance, stress tolerance, and homeostasis of metal(loid)s in plants. This chapter summarizes the recent developments through both in silico genome-wide analyses and functional characterization studies of MTP transporters in both dicot and monocot model plants, such as Arabidopsis and rice, respectively, together with other plant species of known genome sequence. A comprehensive understanding of the MTP family of proteins will help us to grasp clearly their roles in plant metal(loid) tolerance and cellular homeostasis at the physiological and biochemical levels. Further, it is anticipated that an in-depth study of the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of the MTP genes in different plant species during metal(loid) stress will help to identify the candidate genes, which could be employed for crop biofortification and environmental bioremediation in future.
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Das, N., Tirunagari, P., Maiti, M.K. (2022). Plant Metal Tolerance Proteins: Insight into Their Roles in Metal Transport and Homeostasis for Future Biotechnological Applications. In: Kumar, K., Srivastava, S. (eds) Plant Metal and Metalloid Transporters. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6103-8_14
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