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Agroforestry Interventions for Rehabilitating Salt-Affected and Waterlogged Marginal Landscapes

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Agroforestry for Degraded Landscapes

Abstract

Salinity-afflicted landscapes occupy nearly a billion hectares globally, representing about 7% of land area in more than 100 countries of the world. Asia, the Pacific, and Australia have almost 50% of the world’s salt-affected lands and about two-thirds of the world’s sodic soils. Waterlogging and salinity are major impediments to the sustainability of irrigated lands and livelihood to the farmers, especially the smallholders in the affected canal irrigated as well as non-irrigated areas. Considering the interest for arid and semiarid regions to improve biosaline agriculture through domestication and sustainable use of halophytic plants for food, fodder, medicine, and reclamation purposes, many workers have contributed toward develo** technologies of growing halophytes in saline habitats and with the use of saline water for irrigation. Salt-affected lands can be utilized for producing food, fodder, timber, and fuelwood by incorporating trees with crops and forage grasses. Agroforestry systems for salt-affected lands include agri-silvicultural and silvopastoral agroforestry; fruit tree-based agroforestry systems; and trees for biodrainage, energy plantations, and agroforestry for dryland. Soil improvement in agroforestry systems is linked to build up soil organic matter, biological nitrogen fixation, recycling of nutrients from deeper layers to the surface soil, increase in soil microbial activity, and the enhanced activity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In the southern Murray-Darling Basin Region of South Australia, carbon sequestration in plant biomass has been found to be significant, and the values ranged from 6.3 to 10.6 CO2-e Mg ha−1 yr.−1. Soil carbon sequestration in different biosaline agroforestry systems in India is estimated to be 99.33 to 35.28 CO2-e Mg ha−1. This chapter gives an overview of the salt-induced land degradation, characteristics of salt-affected soils, agroforestry techniques and practices for rehabilitation of salty and waterlogged landscapes for livelihood security, the role of agroforestry in soil bio-amelioration, soil nutrient enrichment, and carbon sequestration.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express thanks to all the respective researchers from the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India whose contributions are cited in this chapter.

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  1. Natural Resource Management Division, Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan-II, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India

    Jagdish Chander Dagar

  2. ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India

    Jagdish Chander Dagar

  3. Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India

    Sharda Rani Gupta

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  1. Natural Resource Management Division, Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan-II, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India

    Jagdish Chander Dagar

  2. Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India

    Sharda Rani Gupta

  3. Department of Range and Forest Resources, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (BUAN), Gaborone, Botswana

    Demel Teketay

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Dagar, J.C., Gupta, S.R. (2020). Agroforestry Interventions for Rehabilitating Salt-Affected and Waterlogged Marginal Landscapes. In: Dagar, J.C., Gupta, S.R., Teketay, D. (eds) Agroforestry for Degraded Landscapes. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6807-7_5

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