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Metals from Mining and Metallurgical Industries and Their Toxicological Impacts on Plants

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Plant Responses to Xenobiotics

Abstract

The growth of population, increasing urbanization and rising standards of human have contributed to increase in both quantity and variety of solid wastes generated by agricultural, domestic and industrial activities. Industrial wastes contributed more than 85 % of solid waste generation globally. Metals are the major component of almost all the industrial activities but their mining, extraction, purification and various manufacturing processes generate mining and metallurgical wastes having enormous environmental and health impacts. This chapter aims to describe the metals in solid wastes from mining and metallurgical industries and their toxicological impacts on plant community. Industrial wastes are composed of a wide range of essential macro- and micronutrients such as Na, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, and Mo which are required by plants for their growth and development. But the concentrations of micronutrients in plants when they exceed certain thresholds may interfere with plant metabolic activities leading to the reduction in their productivity. Similarly, non-essential metals and metalloids such as Cd, Pb, As, Al, Bi, Cr, Hg, Ti and Si at elevated concentrations in plants cause phytotoxic effects and lead to food chain contamination. These wastes are generated in huge quantities and discarded without any proper pretreatment; therefore, chances of contamination of environmental components are obvious. This chapter also suggests the possible and better management opportunities including site restoration by rehabilitation and phytoremediation of metal-contaminated sites using native and medicinal plant species to reduce food chain contamination and an ultimate risk to human health.

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Acknowledgements

Divya Pandey and Meenu Gautam are thankful to the AXA Junior Research (Post-doctoral) Fellowship, UK, and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India, respectively, in the form of Research Associateship and Senior Research Fellowship, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Meenu Gautam, S. B. Agrawal & Madhoolika Agrawal

  2. Stockholm Environment Institute at York, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK

    Divya Pandey

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  1. Meenu Gautam
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  2. Divya Pandey
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  3. S. B. Agrawal
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  4. Madhoolika Agrawal
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Correspondence to Madhoolika Agrawal .

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  1. Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Anita Singh

  2. Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sheo Mohan Prasad

  3. Faculty of Science, Institute of Sustainable Development Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Rajeev Pratap Singh

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Gautam, M., Pandey, D., Agrawal, S.B., Agrawal, M. (2016). Metals from Mining and Metallurgical Industries and Their Toxicological Impacts on Plants. In: Singh, A., Prasad, S., Singh, R. (eds) Plant Responses to Xenobiotics. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2860-1_10

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