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Oaks Under Mediterranean-Type Climates: Functional Response to Summer Aridity

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Oaks Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L.

Part of the book series: Tree Physiology ((TREE,volume 7))

Abstract

Mediterranean-type climates are characterized by warm or hot summers, mild or cold winters and, especially, by the existence of a summer drought period driven by the low or even nule precipitation during this season. Mediterranean-type climates are represented in different areas of the world, both in the Northern and the Southern Hemisphere . Specifically, regarding the existence of Quercus under these climatic conditions, two main geographical areas should be considered, namely the Mediterranean Basin in the Palearctic and California (USA) and Baja California (Mexico) in the Nearctic. Despite the relatively low geographical extension of the areas occupied by oaks under this type of climate, it has deserved its own phytoclimatical entity since the first geobotanical synthesis at a global scale. Although evergreen and sclerophyllous oak species are widely assumed as a prototype of mediterranean oaks, both palaeoecological evidences and present biogeographical analysis confirm the co-existence of this oak type with winter -deciduous species of the same genus. In this chapter, the different advantages and disadvantages of both phenological patterns (evergreeness and winter -deciduousness) are presented. Moreover, the strategies for saving water through the overall leaf size reduction, the stomatal control of water losses or some xeromorphic traits for a further reduction of transpiration are also shown. Finally, the development of a high resistance to drought -induced cavitation , as a way for co** with low water potential during dry periods, is discussed.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Elena Martí Beltrán for her valuable help in the search of the species distribution. We thank also Francisco Garin García for his meaningful support in the recollection of oak leaves and identification of the species. We thank Jardín Botánico de Iturrarán for allowing us the recollection of the oak species used in the analysis on this chapter. Work of D S-K is supported by a DOC INIA contract co-funded by INIA and ESF.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Gobierno de Aragón, Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Avda. Montañana 930, 50059, Saragossa, Spain

    Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín, José Javier Peguero-Pina & Domingo Sancho-Knapik

  2. Departamento de Geografía y Ordenación del Territorio, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Saragossa, Spain

    Miguel Ángel Saz & Jose María Cuadrat

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  1. Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín
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  2. Miguel Ángel Saz
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  3. Jose María Cuadrat
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  4. José Javier Peguero-Pina
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  5. Domingo Sancho-Knapik
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Correspondence to Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Unit of Forest Resources, Agrifood Research and Technology Centre, Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain

    Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín

  2. Unit of Forest Resources, Agrifood Research and Technology Centre, Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain

    José Javier Peguero-Pina

  3. Unit of Forest Resources, Agrifood Research and Technology Centre, Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain

    Domingo Sancho-Knapik

Appendices

Appendix 5.1

List of Quercus species (scientific name, infrageneric group according to Denk and Grimm (2009) and distribution) used in the figures of the chapter. Species are classified into six groups according to: (i) their leaf habit (evergreen or winter deciduous ) and (ii) their climatic distribution conditions (Temperate , Tropical , Mediterranean or Arid ). For this purpose, geographical distribution coordinates for each species were obtained from herbarian data (Appendix 5.2) and overlapped on the climatic Köppen map. Köppen categories and zonobiomes sensu Walter (in brackets) are classified in four main groups: (i) temperate , without dry season (green); (ii) tropical , dry winter (blue); (iii) mediterranean, dry summer (red); and (iv) arid , arid (orange). For each group, represented by a particular colour, Köppen categories are listed according to their respective relevance.

Appendix 5.2

List of data sources for species distribution.

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Gil-Pelegrín, E., Saz, M.Á., Cuadrat, J.M., Peguero-Pina, J.J., Sancho-Knapik, D. (2017). Oaks Under Mediterranean-Type Climates: Functional Response to Summer Aridity. In: Gil-Pelegrín, E., Peguero-Pina, J., Sancho-Knapik, D. (eds) Oaks Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L.. Tree Physiology, vol 7. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69099-5_5

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