Abstract
Thin elastic objects have fascinated mathematicians and engineers for centuries and more recently have also become an object of intense study in theoretical physics, biology and material design. While there have been a number of mathematical theories for thin elastic objects for a long time, a new rigorous variational approach has only emerged more recently. In these lectures I will review some of the variational tools which have emerged and discuss a number of open and challenging problems.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
H. Abels, M.G. Mora, S. Müller, Large time existence for thin vibrating plates. Commun. Partial Differ. Equ. 36 (12), 2062–2102 (2011)
H. Abels, M.G. Mora, S. Müller, The time-dependent von Kármán plate equation as a limit of 3d nonlinear elasticity. Calc. Var. 41 (1–2), 241–259 (2011)
E. Acerbi, G. Buttazzo, D. Percivale, A variational definition of the strain energy for an elastic string. J. Elast. 25 (2), 137–148 (1991)
G Alberti, Variational models for phase transitions, an approach via Γ-convergence, in Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations (Pisa, 1996) (Springer, Berlin, 2000), pp. 95–114
S.S. Antman, Nonlinear problems of elasticity. Applied Mathematical Sciences, 2nd edn., vol. 107. (Springer, New York, 2005)
M. Arroyo, L. Heltai, D. Millán, A. DeSimone, Reverse engineering the euglenoid movement. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 109 (44), 17874–17879 (2012)
B. Audoly, A. Boudaoud, Self-similar structures near boundaries in strained systems. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 (8), 086105 (2003)
B. Audoly, Y. Pomeau, Elasticity and Geometry - from Hair Curls to the Non-linear Response of Shells (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2010)
J.M. Ball, Minimizers and the Euler-Lagrange equations, in Trends and Applications of Pure Mathematics to Mechanics (Palaiseau, 1983) (Springer, Berlin, 1984), pp. 1–4
J.M. Ball, Some open problems in elasticity, in Geometry, Mechanics and Dynamics (Marsden Festschrift) (Springer, New York, 2002), pp. 3–59
J. Bedrossian, R.V. Kohn, Blister patterns and energy minimization in compressed thin films on compliant substrates. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 68 (3), 472–510 (2015)
P. Bella, R.V. Kohn, Metric-induced wrinkling of a thin elastic sheet. J. Nonlinear Sci. 24 (6), 1147–1176 (2014)
P. Bella, R.V. Kohn, Wrinkles as the result of compressive stresses in an annular thin film. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 67 (5), 693–747 (2014)
P. Bella, R.V. Kohn, The coarsening of folds in hanging drapes (2015). ar**v.org, 1507.08034v1
H. Ben Belgacem, S. Conti, A. DeSimone, S. Müller, Rigorous bounds for the Föppl-von Kármán theory of isotropically compressed plates. J. Nonlinear Sci. 10 (6), 661–683 (2000)
H. Ben Belgacem, S. Conti, A. DeSimone, S. Müller, Energy scaling of compressed elastic films - three-dimensional elasticity and reduced theories. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 164 (1), 1–37 (2002)
K. Bhattacharya, M. Lewicka, M. Schäffner, Plates with incompatible prestrain. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 221 (1), 143–181 (2016)
D. Bourne, S. Conti, S. Müller, Folding patterns in partially delaminated thin films (2015). ar**v.org, 1512.06320v1
D.P. Bourne, S. Conti, S. Müller, Energy bounds for a compressed elastic film on a substrate. J. Nonlinear Sci. 27, 453–494 (2017)
A. Braides, Γ-convergence for beginners. Oxford Lecture Series in Mathematics and Its Applications, vol. 22. (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2002)
J. Brandman, R.V. Kohn, H.-M. Nguyen, Energy scaling laws for conically constrained thin elastic sheets. J. Elast. 113 (2), 251–264 (2013)
E. Cerda, L. Mahadevan, Conical surfaces and crescent singularities in crumpled sheets. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 (11), 2358–2361 (1998)
E. Cerda, L. Mahadevan, Confined developable elastic surfaces: cylinders, cones and the Elastica. Proc. R Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 461 (2055), 671–700 (2005)
E. Cerda, L. Mahadevan, J.M. Pasini, The elements of dra**. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101 (7), 1806–1810 (2004)
P.G. Ciarlet, A justification of the von Kármán equations. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 73 (4), 349–389 (1980)
P.G. Ciarlet, Mathematical elasticity. Vol. II. Studies in Mathematics and Its Applications, vol. 27 (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1997)
S. Conti, Low energy deformations of thin elastic plates: isometric embeddings and branching patterns. Habilitation thesis, University Leipzig, 2003
S. Conti, F. Maggi, Confining thin elastic sheets and folding paper. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 187 (1), 1–48 (2008)
S. Conti, F. Maggi, S. Müller, Rigorous derivation of Föppl’s theory for clamped elastic membranes leads to relaxation. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 38 (2), 657–680 (2006)
S. Conti, G. Dolzmann, S. Müller, Korn’s second inequality and geometric rigidity with mixed growth conditions. Calc. Var. 50 (1–2), 437–454 (2014)
S. Conti, H. Olbermann, I. Tobasco, Symmetry breaking in indented elastic cones. Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci. 27 (2), 291–321 (2017)
G. Dal Maso, An Introduction to Γ-convergence. Progress in Nonlinear Differential Equations and their Applications, vol. 8 (Birkhäuser, Boston, 1993)
B. Davidovitch, R.D Schroll, D. Vella, M. Adda-Bedia, E.A. Cerda, Prototypical model for tensional wrinkling in thin sheets. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 108 (45), 18227–18232 (2011)
E. De Giorgi, T. Franzoni, Su un tipo di convergenza variazionale. Atti Accad. Naz. Lincei Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Nat. Rend. 58 (6), 842–850 (1975)
C. De Lellis, S. Müller, Optimal rigidity estimates for nearly umbilical surfaces. J. Differ. Geom. 69, 75–110 (2005)
C. De Lellis, S. Müller, A C 0 estimate for nearly umbilical surfaces. Calc. Var. 26 (3), 283–296 (2006)
E. Efrati, E. Sharon, R. Kupferman, Elastic theory of unconstrained non-Euclidean plates. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 57 (4), 762–775 (2009)
E.T. Filipov, T. Tachi, G.H. Paulino, Origami tubes assembled into stiff, yet reconfigurable structures and metamaterials. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 112 (40), 12321–12326 (2015)
A. Föppl, Vorlesungen über technische Mechanik, vol. 5. (B.G. Teubner, Leipzig, 1907)
G. Friesecke, R.D. James, S. Müller, A theorem on geometric rigidity and the derivation of nonlinear plate theory from three-dimensional elasticity. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 55 (11), 1461–1506 (2002)
G. Friesecke, R.D. James, M.G. Mora, S. Müller, Derivation of nonlinear bending theory for shells from three-dimensional nonlinear elasticity by Gamma-convergence. C.R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris 336 (8), 697–702 (2003)
G. Friesecke, R.D. James, S. Müller, A hierarchy of plate models derived from nonlinear elasticity by gamma-convergence. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 180 (2), 183–236 (2006)
J. Gemmer, E. Sharon, T. Shearman, S.C. Venkataramani, Isometric immersions, energy minimization and self-similar buckling in non-Euclidean elastic sheets (2016). ar**v.org, 1601.06863v2
G. Gioia, M. Ortiz, Delamination of compressed thin films. Adv. Appl. Mech. 33, 119–192 (1997)
Y. Grabovsky, D. Harutyunyan, Exact scaling exponents in Korn and Korn-type inequalities for cylindrical shells. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 46 (5), 3277–3295 (2014)
Y. Grabovsky, D. Harutyunyan, Rigorous derivation of the formula for the buckling load in axially compressed circular cylindrical shells. J. Elast. 120 (2), 249–276 (2015)
Y. Grabovsky, D. Harutyunyan, Korn inequalities for shells with zero Gaussian curvature (2016). ar**v.org, 1602.03601v1
R.M. Head, E.J. Sechler, Normal pressure tests on unstiffened flat plates. Technical Report, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, 1944 Available from the NASA technical reports server, http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930086088.
P. Hornung, Approximation of flat W 2, 2 isometric immersions by smooth ones. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 199 (3), 1015–1067 (2011)
P. Hornung, Euler-Lagrange equation and regularity for flat minimizers of the Willmore functional. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 64 (3), 367–441 (2011)
W. **, P. Sternberg, Energy estimates for the von Kármán model of thin-film blistering. J. Math. Phys. 42 (1), 192–199 (2001)
F. John, Rotation and strain. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 14, 391–413 (1961)
F. John, Bounds for deformations in terms of average strains, in Inequalities, III (Proc. Third Sympos., Univ. California, Los Angeles, Calif., 1969; dedicated to the memory of Theodore S. Motzkin) (Academic Press, New York, 1972), pp. 129–144
B. Kirchheim, Rigidity and geometry of microstructures. Habilitation thesis, University Leipzig, 2001; See also Lecture Notes MPI Mathematics in the Sciences, vol. 16, Leipzig, 2003 http://www.mis.mpg.de/publications/other-series/ln/lecturenote-1603.html.
G. Kirchhoff, Über das Gleichgewicht und die Bewegung einer elastischen Scheibe. J. Reine Angew. Math. [Crelle’s J.] 40, 55–88 (1850)
Y. Klein, E. Efrati, E. Sharon, Sha** of elastic sheets by prescription of non-Euclidean metrics. Science 315 (5815), 1116–1120 (2007)
Y. Klein, S. Venkataramani, E. Sharon, Experimental study of shape transitions and energy scaling in thin non-Euclidean plates. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 (11) (2011)
R.V. Kohn, New integral estimates for deformations in terms of their nonlinear strains. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 78 (2), 131–172 (1982)
R.V. Kohn, H.-M. Nguyen, Analysis of a compressed thin film bonded to a compliant substrate: the energy scaling law. J. Nonlinear Sci. 23 (3), 343–362 (2013)
E.M. Kramer, T.A. Witten, Stress condensation in crushed elastic manifolds. Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 (7), 1303–1306 (1997)
N.H. Kuiper, On C 1-isometric imbeddings. I, II. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. Proc. Ser. A. 17, 545–556, 683–689 (1955); (Indag. Math. vol. 58).
R. Kupferman, C. Maor, Limits of elastic models of converging Riemannian manifolds. Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Eqn. 55 (2), Article ID 40, 22 p. (2016). doi:10.1007/s00526-016-0979-6
R. Kupferman, J.P. Solomon, A Riemannian approach to reduced plate, shell, and rod theories. J. Funct. Anal. 266 (5), 2989–3039 (2014)
H. Le Dret, A. Raoult, Le modèle de membrane non linéaire comme limite variationnelle de l’élasticité non linéaire tridimensionnelle. C. R. Seances Acad. Sci. D. Sér. I. Math. 317 (2), 221–226 (1993)
H. Le Dret, A. Raoult, The nonlinear membrane model as variational limit of nonlinear three-dimensional elasticity. J. Math. Pures Appl. Neuvième Série 74 (6), 549–578 (1995)
H. Le Dret, A. Raoult, The membrane shell model in nonlinear elasticity: a variational asymptotic derivation. J. Nonlinear Sci. 6 (1), 59–84 (1996)
M. Lecumberry, S. Müller, Stability of slender bodies under compression and validity of the von Kármán theory. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 193 (2), 255–310 (2009)
M. Lewicka, H. Li, Convergence of equilibria for incompressible elastic plates in the von Kármán regime. Commun. Pure Appl. Anal. 14 (1), 143–166 (2015)
M. Lewicka, M.R. Pakzad, The infinite hierarchy of elastic shell models: some recent results and a conjecture, in Infinite Dimensional Dynamical Systems. Fields Institute Communications, vol. 64 (Springer, New York, 2013), pp. 407–420
M. Lewicka, L. Mahadevan, M.R. Pakzad, The Föppl-von Kármán equations for plates with incompatible strains. R. Soc. Lond. Proc. Ser A. Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 467 (2126), 402–426 (2011)
M. Lewicka, M.G. Mora, M.R. Pakzad, The matching property of infinitesimal isometries on elliptic surfaces and elasticity of thin shells. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 200 (3), 1023–1050 (2011)
M. Lewicka, P. Ochoa, M.R. Pakzad, Variational models for prestrained plates with Monge-Ampère constraint. Differ. Integral Equ. 28 (9–10), 861–898 (2015)
T. Liang, T.A. Witten, Crescent singularities in crumpled sheets. Phys. Rev. E. Statistical, Nonlinear Soft Matter Phys. 71 (1), 016612 (2005)
F.C. Liu, A Luzin type property of Sobolev functions. Indiana Univ. Math. J. 26 (4), 645–651 (1977)
A. Lobkovsky, S. Gentges, H. Li, D. Morse, T.A. Witten, Scaling properties of stretching ridges in a crumpled elastic sheet. Science 270 (5241), 1482–1485 (1995)
A. Mielke, Saint-Venant’s problem and semi-inverse solutions in nonlinear elasticity. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 102 (3), 205–229 (1988)
R. Monneau, Justification of the nonlinear Kirchhoff-Love theory of plates as the application of a new singular inverse method. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 169 (1), 1–34 (2003)
M.G. Mora, S. Müller, Derivation of the nonlinear bending-torsion theory for inextensible rods by Gamma-convergence. Calc. Var. 18 (3), 287–305 (2003)
M.G. Mora, S. Müller, A nonlinear model for inextensible rods as a low energy Gamma-limit of three-dimensional nonlinear elasticity. Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire 21 (3), 271–293 (2004)
M.G. Mora, S. Müller, Convergence of equilibria of three-dimensional thin elastic beams. Proc. R. Soc. Edinb. Sec. A. Math. 138 (4), 873–896 (2008)
M.G. Mora, L. Scardia, Convergence of equilibria of thin elastic plates under physical growth conditions for the energy density. J. Differ. Equ. 252 (1), 35–55 (2012)
M.G. Mora, S. Müller, M.G. Schultz, Convergence of equilibria of planar thin elastic beams. Indiana Univ. Math. J. 56 (5), 2413–2438 (2007)
M. Moshe, I. Levin, H. Aharoni, R. Kupferman, E. Sharon, Geometry and mechanics of two-dimensional defects in amorphous materials. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 112 (35), 10873–10878 (2015)
S. Müller, H. Olbermann, Energy scaling for conical singularities in thin elastic sheets. Oberwolfach Rep. 9 (3), 2233–2236 (2012); Abstracts from the workshop held July 22–28, 2012, Organized by Camillo De Lellis, Gerhard Huisken and Robert Jerrard
S. Müller, H. Olbermann, Almost conical deformations of thin sheets with rotational symmetry. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 46 (1), 25–44 (2014)
S. Müller, H. Olbermann, Conical singularities in thin elastic sheets. Cal. Var. 49 (3–4), 1177–1186 (2014)
S. Müller, M.R. Pakzad, Convergence of equilibria of thin elastic plates–the von Kármán case. Commun. Partial Differ. Equ. 33 (4–6), 1018–1032 (2008)
S. Müller, M. Röger, Confined structures of least bending energy. J. Differ. Geom. 97 (1), 109–139 (2014)
F. Murat, Compacité par compensation. Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa Cl. Sci. Ser. IV 5 (3), 489–507 (1978)
J. Nash, C 1 isometric imbeddings. Ann. of Math. (2) 60, 383–396 (1954)
H. Olbermann, The one-dimensional model for d-cones revisited. Adv. Calc. Var. 9 (3), 201–215 (2016)
H. Olbermann, Energy scaling law for a single disclination in a thin elastic sheet. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 224 (3), 985–1019 (2017)
H. Olbermann, Energy scaling law for the regular cone. J. Nonlinear Sci. 26 (2), 287–314 (2016)
H. Olbermann, The shape of low energy configurations of a thin sheet with a single disclination (2017). ar**v.org, 1702.06468v1
M. Ortiz, G. Gioia, The morphology and folding patterns of buckling-driven thin-film blisters. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 42 (3), 531–559 (1994)
M.R. Pakzad, On the Sobolev space of isometric immersions. J. Differ. Geom. 66 (1), 47–69 (2004)
O. Pantz, Une justification partielle du modèle de plaque en flexion par Γ-convergence. C. R. Seances Acad. Sci. Ser. I. Math 332 (6), 587–592 (2001)
O. Pantz, Le modèle de poutre inextensionnelle comme limite de l’elasticité non-linéaire tridimensionnelle, pp. 1–16. Preprint 2002
O. Pantz, On the justification of the nonlinear inextensional plate model. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 167 (3), 179–209 (2003)
A.C. Pipkin, Continuously distributed wrinkles in fabrics. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 95 (2), 93–115 (1986)
A.C. Pipkin, The relaxed energy density for isotropic elastic membranes. IMA J. Appl. Math. 36 (1), 85–99 (1986)
P.M. Reis, F.L. Jimenez, J. Marthelot, Transforming architectures inspired by origami. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America, 112(40):12234–12235, 2015.
E. Reissner, On tension field theory, in 5th International Congress for Applied Mechanics (1938), pp. 88–92
E. Reissner, Selected Works in Applied Mechanics and Mathematics (Jones and Bartlett, London, 1996)
Y.G. Reshetnyak, Liouville’s theorem on conformal map**s for minimal regularity assumptions. Sib. Math. J. 8, 631–634 (1967)
Y.G. Reshetnyak, On the stability of conformal map**s in multidimensional spaces. Sib. Math. J. 8, 69–85 (1967)
Y.G. Reshetnyak, Stability estimates in Liouville’s theorem and the L p integrability of the derivatives of quasi-conformal map**s. Sib. Math. J. 17, 653–674 (1976)
E. Sharon, B. Roman, M. Marder, G.S. Shin, H.L. Swinney, Mechanics: buckling cascades in free sheets - wavy leaves may not depend only on their genes to make their edges crinkle. Nature 419 (6907), 579–579 (2002)
E. Sharon, M. Marder, H.L. Swinney, Leaves, flowers and garbage bags: making waves. Am. Sci. 92 (3), 254–261 (2004)
J.L. Silverberg, A.A. Evans, L. McLeod, R.C. Hayward, T. Hull, C.D. Santangelo, I. Cohen, Using origami design principles to fold reprogrammable mechanical metamaterials. Science 345 (6197), 647–650 (2014)
L. Tartar, Compensated compactness and applications to partial differential equations, in Nonlinear Analysis and Mechanics: Heriot-Watt Symposium, Vol. IV. Research Notes in Mathematics, vol. 39 (Pitman, Boston, 1979), pp. 136–212
I. Tobasco, Axial compression of a thin elastic cylinder: bounds on the minimum energy scaling law (2016). ar**v.org, 1604.08574v2
C. Truesdell, Some challenges offered to analysis by rational thermomechanics. in Contemporary Developments in Continuum Mechanics and Partial Differential Equations (Proc. Internat. Sympos., Inst. Mat., Univ. Fed. Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro) (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1978), pp. 495–603
S.C. Venkataramani, Lower bounds for the energy in a crumpled elastic sheet—a minimal ridge. Nonlinearity 17 (1), 301–312 (2003)
H. Wagner, Ebene Blechwandträger mit sehr dünnem Steigblech. Z. Flugtechnik u. Motorluftschiffahrt 20, 200–207, 227–233, 256–262, 279–284, 306–314 (1929)
T.A. Witten, Stress focusing in elastic sheets. Rev. Mod. Phys. 79 (2), 643–675 (2007)
A. Yavari, A. Goriely, Riemann-Cartan geometry of nonlinear dislocation mechanics. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 205 (1), 59–118 (2012)
W.P. Ziemer, Weakly differentiable functions. Graduate Texts in Mathematics, vol. 120 (Springer, New York, 1989)
Acknowledgements
The work reported here would not have been possible without the support and inspiration of many colleagues and friends over a long period of time, in particular S. Conti, G. Friesecke, R.D. James, R.V. Kohn and H. Olbermann. I thank J. M. Ball, P. Marcellini and E. Mascolo for their invitation to prepare these lecture notes and for providing such a delightful and stimulating atmosphere at the C.I.M.E. summer school at Cetraro. I also thank H. Olbermann and R.V. Kohn for a careful reading of the notes and their very helpful suggestions for improvements. In particular R.V. Kohn suggested the structuring into different classes of problems described at the end of Sect. 1.1. Of course responsibility for all remaining errors, omissions and inadequacies rests solely with me.
My work has been supported by the DFG through the CRC 1060 ‘The mathematics of emergent effects’ and the excellence cluster EXC 59 ‘Mathematics: foundations, models, applications’.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Müller, S. (2017). Mathematical Problems in Thin Elastic Sheets: Scaling Limits, Packing, Crumpling and Singularities. In: Ball, J., Marcellini, P. (eds) Vector-Valued Partial Differential Equations and Applications. Lecture Notes in Mathematics(), vol 2179. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54514-1_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54514-1_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-54513-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-54514-1
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)