Abstract
Designing and performing adapted model tests related to pile penetration is a major target of the central project of the research group GEOTECH. These tests shall allow to capture major aspects of pile penetration quantitatively and to obtain input data for numerical simulations. The tests are focused on the interaction of the pile and the soil in dry or saturated conditions. Guidelines are to keep the tests as simple as possible, realize boundary conditions that are convenient for numerical simulations, and to provide reliable information on the state of the soil at the beginning of and during the tests. Furthermore, implications induced by the measurements, e.g., lower stiffness of an instrumented pile or the use of glass walls enabling the application of digital image correlation have to be evaluated and considered in the numerical simulations as well. Examples demonstrate how the concepts have been implemented for the measurement of tip and friction force on model piles under monotonic, cyclic, and dynamic loading as well as for the evolution of pore water pressure. Based on selected results, size effects of the test devices and the role of the model material resp. its state are pointed out. The contribution includes a discussion on disturbing influences such as friction in the linear guiding system or between pile and glass wall.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arnold, M., Franke, D., Bartl, U.: A solution to concurrent measurement of the normal and tangential earth pressure in model tests. Proceedings of the International Symposium Geotechnical Measurements and Modeling, Karlsruhe (2003)
ASTM Standard D4254–91: Standard Test Method for Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA (2006)
Bolton, M.D., Gui, M.W.: The Study of Relative Density and Boundary Effects for Cone Penetration Tests in Centrifuge. Report CUED/D-SOILS/TR256 (1993)
Choi, S.-K., Lee, M.-J., Choo, H., Tumay, M.T., Lee, W.: Preparation of a large size granular specimen using a rainer system with a porous plate. Geotech. Test. J. 33(1), 45–54 (2009)
Darwin, G.H.: On the horizontal thrust of a mass of sand. Proc. Inst. Civil Eng. 71, 350–378 (1883)
Dave, T.N., Dasaka, S.M.: Assessment of a portable traveling pluviator to prepare reconstituted sand specimen. Geomech. Eng. 4(2), 407–423 (2012)
DIN 18126: Bestimmung der Dichte nichtbindiger Böden bei lockerster und dichtester Lagerung (1996)
Ezzein, F.M., Bathurst, R.J.: A transparent sand for geotechnical laboratory modeling. Geotech. Test. J. 34(6), 1–12 (2011)
Fretti, C.: Lo Presti, D.C.F., Pedroni, S.: A pluvial deposition method to reconstitute well-graded sand specimens. Geotech. Test. J. 18(2), 292–298 (1995)
Holzlöhner, U.: Techniques of model testing. Contribution to the Symposium “Messtechnik im Erd- und Grundbau”, Karlsruhe, pp. 119–126 (1983)
Janssen, H.A.: Versuche über Getreidedruck in Silozellen. Zeitschrift Verein deutscher Ingenieure, Band XXXIX., pp. 1045–1049 (1895)
Lambe, B.M.: Predictions in soil engineering. Géotechnique 23(2), 151–202 (1973)
Lehane, B.M., White, D.J.: Lateral stress changes and shaft friction for model displacement piles in sand. Can. Geotech. J. 42, 1039–1052 (2005)
Maier, C.: Herstellung trockener Großproben mit verschiedenen Lagerungsdichten. Diploma Thesis at the Institute of soil mechanics and rock mechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (2011)
Mayne, P.W., Kulhawy, F.H.: Calibration chamber database and boundary effects correction for CPT data. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Calibration Chamber Testing, pp. 257–264. Potsdam and New York (1991)
Negro, P., Verzeletti, J. a. S. a. P. D., Molina, G., Pedroni, S.: TRISEE: 3D site effects and soil-foundation interaction in earthquake and vibration risk evaluation—Task 3 Large-scale geotechnical experiments on soil-foundation interaction. Technical report, Special Pub. No. I.98.73, ELSA Lab., JRC, Ispra, Italy (1998)
Negro, P., Paolucci, R., Pedretti, S., Faccioli, E.: Large scale soil-structure interaction experiments on sand under cyclic loading. In: Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand, volume, Bd. 14, Paper No. 1191. A.A. Balkema (2000)
Ni, Q., Hird, C.C., Guymer, I.: Physical modeling of pile penetration in clay using transparent soil and particle image velocimetry. Géotechnique 60(2), 121–132 (2009)
Parkin, A., Lunne, T.: Boundary effects in the laboratory calibration of a cone penetrometer in sand. In: Proceedings of the 2nd European Symposium on Penetration Testing, vol. 2, Balkema, Amsterdam, pp. 761–768 (1982)
Rimoy, S.P.: Ageing and axial cyclic loading studies of displacement piles in sands. Dissertation,Imperial College London(2013)
Robinsky, E.I., Morrison, C.F.: Sand displacement and compaction around model friction piles. Can. Geotech. J. I(2), 81–93 (1964)
Salgado, R., Mitchell, J.K., Jamiolkowski, M.: Calibration chamber size effects on penetration resistance in sands. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 124(9), 878–888 (1998)
Savidis, S.A., Aubram, D., Rackwitz, F.: Vibro-Injection pile installation in sand: Part II - Numerical and experimental investigation. In: Triantafyllidis, Th (ed.) Holistic simulation of geotechnical installation processes—numerical and physical modeling, pp. 103–131. Springer, Heidelberg (2015)
Schofield, A.N.: Cambridge geotechnical centrifuge operations. Géotechnique 30(3), 227–268 (1980)
Thanh Chi, N., Thuy Loi, D.h., Viet Nam, H.N.: Investigation into soil displacement near a jacked-in pile in sand. Master thesis at the Delft University of Technology (2008)
Thomas, S., Kempfert, H.-G.: Experimentelle Erkenntnisse zum zyklisch axialen Pfahltragverhalten, Geotechnik 36. Heft 3, 169–179 (2013)
Vennemann, P.: JPIV-software package for particle image velocimetry, (2007), http://www.jpiv.vennemann-online.de
Viking, K.: The vibratory pile installation technique. TRANSVIB 2006, Gonin, Holeyman et Rocher-Lacoste (ed.), Editions du LCPC, Paris, pp. 65–82 (2006)
Vogelsang, J., Huber, G., Triantafyllidis, Th: A large scale soil-structure interface testing device. Geotech. Test. J. 36(5), 613–625 (2013)
Vogelsang, J., Huber, G., Triantafyllidis, Th.: Zur Erfassung von Erddruckkräften auf Wand- und Pfahlstrukturen im Modellversuch. Messen in der Geotechnik 2014, publications of the Institut für Grundbau und Bodenmechanik of the University of Braunschweig—Institute of Technology, vol. 98, pp. 401–420 (2014)
Vogelsang, J., Chrisopoulos, S.: Experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen zum Vibrationsrammen in nichtbindigem Boden. Technical papers of the special session "Forum for young geotechnical engineers", 33. Baugrundtagung in Berlin, pp. 195–202 (2014)
Vogelsang, J., Zachert, H., Huber, G., Triantafyllidis, Th.: Effects of soil deposition on the initial stress state in model tests: Experimental results and FE simulation. In: Triantafyllidis, Th. (ed.) Holistic simulation of geotechnical installation processes—numerical and physical modeling, pp. 1–21. Springer, Heidelberg (2015)
Vogelsang, J., Huber, G., Triantafyllidis, Th.: On soil deformation and stress redistribution around pressed-in and vibrated displacement pile tips. In: Triantafyllidis, Th. (ed.) Holistic simulation of geotechnical installation processes—numerical and physical modeling, pp. 44–59. Springer, Heidelberg (2015)
Vogelsang, J., Huber, G., Triantafyllidis, Th., Bender, T.: Interpretation of vibratory pile penetration based on Digital Image Correlation. In: Triantafyllidis, Th. (ed.) Holistic simulation of geotechnical installation processes—Benchmarks and numerical results. Springer, Heidelberg (2015)
Walker, B.P., Whitaker, T.: An apparatus for forming uniform beds of sand for model foundation tests. Géotechnique 17(2), 161–167 (1967)
White, D.J., Take, W.A., Bolton, M.D.: Soil deformation measurement using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and photogrammetry. Géotechnique 53(7), 619–631 (2003)
White, D.J., Bolton, M.D.: Displacement and strain paths during plane-strain model pile installation in sand. Géotechnique 54(6), 375–397 (2004)
White, D.J.: Contributions to géotechnique 1948–2008: physical modeling. Géotechnique 58(5), 413–421 (2008)
Woods, R., Athanasopoulos-Zekkos, A., Gkrizi, A., Pietrangelo, A., Zimmerman, A.: Measurement of ground motion near piles during driving. Geotech. Spec. Publ. 233, 512–521 (2014)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vogelsang, J., Huber, G., Triantafyllidis, T. (2016). Requirements, Concepts, and Selected Results for Model Tests on Pile Penetration. In: Triantafyllidis, T. (eds) Holistic Simulation of Geotechnical Installation Processes. Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics, vol 80. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23159-4_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23159-4_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-23158-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-23159-4
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)