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What Is the Routine Mitochondrial Health Check-Up Good For? A Holistic Approach in the Framework of 3P Medicine

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Predictive, Preventive, and Personalised Medicine: From Bench to Bedside

Part of the book series: Advances in Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine ((APPPM,volume 17))

Abstract

Mitochondria, as the “powerhouse” of eukaryotic cells, play the key role in central signalling pathways decisive for the cell fate (proliferation, differentiation, growth and death) as well as systemic events and effects including stress response towards environmental changes, redox balance, the innate and acquired immunity as well as severity of the acute and chronic disorders. Up to now no any health condition has been reported which mitochondrial functionality would be irrelevant for. Moreover, accumulated research data demonstrate that aside from the energetic aspects which are decisive for the health and death at the sub/cellular, tissue, organ and organismal levels, injured mitochondria do release specific damage-associated molecular patters. To this end, cell-free mitochondrial (mtDNA) fragments are recognised as the “mitochondrial burnout” signals triggering systemic effects such as non-infectious (sterile) inflammation, which are further involved in pathomechanisms of downstream diseases. Well-known mitochondrial burnout-associated pathologies include chronic fatigue, accelerated ageing, auto/immune disorders, hormonal dysregulation and infertility, eye pathologies, metabolic and mood disorders, severe respiratory diseases, impaired healing, neurodegenerative and cancerous alterations. There is an evident reciprocity between mitochondrial and organismal health status: compromised mitochondrial health is reflected in systemic damage as well as organismal health-to-disease transition is reflected in an altered mitochondrial signalling. Contextually, mitochondrion acts as a natural biosensor integrated into human cells, and the routine non-invasive mitochondrial health quality control test is a powerful tool for the holistic predictive diagnostic approach in PPPM-framework highly recommended at the level of primary and secondary care for

  • the whole-body health quality check-up,

  • pre-pregnancy check-up,

  • health-to-disease transition check-up,

  • accompanying diagnostics in sport medicine and supervised physical activities,

  • accompanying diagnostics in physiotherapeutic and well-being services,

  • therapy efficacy monitoring for personalised treatments (e.g., chronic fatigue; burnout syndrome and sleep disorders; eye, skin, kidney, liver and respiratory diseases, endocrine and cardiovascular impairments, musculoskeletal- and neuro-degenerative disorders, depression, etc.).

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Abbreviations

3PM:

Predictive, preventive and personalised medicine

AD:

Atopic dermatitis

AF:

Atrial fibrillation

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

BHI:

Bioenergetics health index

BRB:

Blood–retinal barrier

CFS:

Chronic fatigue syndrome

cGAS/STING:

Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase/Stimulator of Interferon Genes

COVID:

Corona virus disease

CTD:

Connective tissue dysregulation

DAKD:

Diabetes associated kidney disease

DM:

Diabetes mellitus

DR:

Diabetic retinopathy

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

ESRD:

End stage renal disease

FSP:

Flammer syndrome phenotype

HIF1-alpha:

Hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha subunit

IL-18:

Interleukin 18

IL-1β:

Interleukin 1β

IS:

Ischemic stroke

MAVS:

Mitochondria-associated adaptor molecule

MHI:

Mitochondrial health index

MHQC:

Mitochondrial health quality control

MIA:

Maternal immune activation

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

mtDNA:

Mitochondrial Deoxyribonucleic acid

mtDNA-CN:

Mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid- copy number

NLRP3:

Nucleotide-binding domain, Leucine-Rich–containing family, Pyrin domain-containing-3 protein

NRF2:

Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2

OSAS:

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome

PDR:

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy

PPPM:

Predictive, preventive and personalised medicine

RMEC:

Retinal microvascular endothelial cells

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SARS-CoV-2:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

TLR9:

Toll-like receptor 9

ZBP1:

Z-DNA binding protein 1

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. 3P Medicine Research Unit, University Hospital, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany

    Olga Golubnitschaja

  2. European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine, Brussels, Belgium

    Olga Golubnitschaja

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  1. Olga Golubnitschaja
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  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science & Technology, Wroclaw, Poland

    Halina Podbielska

  2. F.D. Roosevelt University General Hospital of Banská Bystrica, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia

    Marko Kapalla

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Golubnitschaja, O. (2023). What Is the Routine Mitochondrial Health Check-Up Good For? A Holistic Approach in the Framework of 3P Medicine. In: Podbielska, H., Kapalla, M. (eds) Predictive, Preventive, and Personalised Medicine: From Bench to Bedside. Advances in Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine, vol 17. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34884-6_3

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