Abstract
As a result of the current Sars-Cov-2 pandemic, the use of teledentistry (TD) has become much more widespread, as it allows for medical consultation while still maintaining social distancing measures. The objective of this chapter is to update the most relevant information on the use of TD, its advantages and disadvantages as well as the most important ethical and legal aspects. It has been observed that, in general, TD can be a useful instrument in practically all dental fields (both in diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients) and represents a time saving for the professional and the patient. Although traditional visits are necessary in many procedures, this technology opens new horizons in daily practice.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M.S. Rivera-Ruiz, M.S. Christian Cajavilca, M.S. Joseph Varon, Historical perspectives. Tex Heart Inst J 35, 174–178 (2008)
R.L. Murphy, K.T. Bird, Telediagnosis: a new community health resource. Observations on the feasibility of telediagnosis based on 1000 patient transactions. Am. J. Public Health 64(2), 113–119 (1974)
S.P. Sood, J.S. Bhatia, Development of telemedicine technology in India: “Sanjeevani”–an integrated telemedicine application. J. Postgrad. Med. 51(4), 308–311 (2005)
R. Bergstrøm, V. Heimly, Information technology strategies for health and social care in Norway. Int. J. Circumpolar Health 63(4), 336–348 (2004)
S. Olsson, A. Lymberis, D. Whitehouse, European commission activities in eHealth. Int. J. Circumpolar Health 63(4), 310–316 (2004)
WHO|eHealth, Available at: http://www.who.int/ehealth/en/. Accessed 28 Jul 2020
K.V.G. Reddy, Using teledentistry for providing the specialist access to rural Indians. Indian J. Dent. Res. 22(2), 189 (2011)
N. Giraudeau, C. Inquimbert, R. Delafoy, P. Tramini, J. Jean Valcarcel, F. Meroueh, Teledentistry, new oral care tool for prisoners. Int. J. Prison Health 13(2), 124–134 (2017)
Colegio de cirujanos dentistas de Costa Rica—Colegiados. Fiscalía Informa: Protocolo Teleconsulta Dental (2020). Available at: http://www.colegiodentistas.org/sitCol/2020/04/24/protocolo-teleconsulta-dental-2020/. Accessed 8 Sep 2020
Anitua Eduardo. OralDX (2020)
N. Haron, R.B. Zain, A. Ramanathan, M.T. Abraham, C.S. Liew, K.G. Ng et al., m-Health for early detection of oral cancer in low- and middle-income countries. Telemed. J. E-Health 26(3), 278–285 (2020)
J. Xu, Y. Li, F. Gan, Y. Du, Y. Yao, Salivary glands: potential reservoirs for COVID-19 asymptomatic Infection. J. Dent. Res. 99(8), 989–989 (2020)
A. Dziedzic, R. Wojtyczka, The impact of coronavirus infectious disease 19 (COVID-19) on oral health. Oral Dis. (2020)
X. Qu, X.D. Zhou, Psychological intervention for patients with oral disease during the pandemic period of COVID-19. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 55(4), 235–240 (2020)
A. Giudice, S. Barone, D. Muraca, F. Averta, F. Diodati, A. Antonelli, et al., Can teledentistry improve the monitoring of patients during the Covid-19 dissemination? A descriptive pilot study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 17(10) (2020)
S. Ghai, Teledentistry during COVID-19 pandemic. Diab. Metab. Syndr. 14(5), 933–935 (2020)
The Australian Dental Association (2020). Available at: https://www.ada.org.au/Covid-19-Portal/Cards/Dental-Profesionals/Practice-Policies/ADA-Guidelines-for-Teledentistry. Accessed 29 Aug 2020
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 392, 1789–8583 (2018)
M. Estai, Y. Kanagasingam, M. Tennant, S. Bunt, A systematic review of the research evidence for the benefits of teledentistry. J. Telemed. Telecare 24(3), 147–156 (2018)
H.S. Moon, T.T. Wang, K. Rajasekaran, R. Brewster, R.M. Shanti, N. Panchal, Optimizing telemedicine encounters for oral and maxillofacial surgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology (2020)
M. Bradley, P. Black, S. Noble, R. Thompson, P.J. Lamey, Application of teledentistry in oral medicine in a community dental service. N. Ireland. Br. Dent. J. 209(8), 399–404 (2010)
C.C. Torres-Pereira, I.A.C. Morosini, R.S. Possebon, A.F. Giovanini, M.C. Bortoluzzi, J.C. Leão, et al., Teledentistry: distant diagnosis of oral disease using e-mails. Telemed. J. E Health 19(2), 117–121 (2013)
M. Roxo-Gonçalves, M.A. Trevizani Martins, M.D. Martins, C.A. Aita Schmitz, R.G. Dal Moro, O.P. D’Avila et al., Perceived usability of a store and forward telehealth platform for diagnosis and management of oral mucosal lesions: a cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE 15(6), e0233572 (2020)
V.C. Carrard, M. Roxo Gonçalves, J. Rodriguez Strey, C. Pilz, M. Martins, M.D. Martins et al., Telediagnosis of oral lesions in primary care: the EstomatoNet program. Oral Dis. 24(6), 1012–1019 (2018)
M. Miladinović, D. Mladenović, B. Mihailović, G.T.B. Djndjić, S. Mladenović, M. Hadzibeti et al., Evaluation of telemedicine in the management of dentogenous infections. Vojnosanit. Pregl. 70(6), 569–575 (2013)
E.W. Wood, R.A. Strauss, C. Janus, C.K. Carrico, Telemedicine consultations in oral and maxillofacial surgery: a follow-up study. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 74(2), 262–268 (2016)
M.J.E. Jacobs, M.J. Edmondson, J.C. Lowry, Accuracy of diagnosis of fractures by maxillofacial and accident and emergency doctors using plain radiography compared with a telemedicine system: a prospective study. Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 40(2), 156–162 (2002)
J. Teoh, A. Hsueh, R. Mariño, D. Manton, K. Hallett, Economic evaluation of teledentistry in cleft lip and palate patients. Telemed. J. E-Health 24(6), 449–456 (2018)
T.W.M. Walker, A. Chadha, W. Rodgers, C. Mills, P. Ayliffe, Electronic follow-up of develo** world cleft patients: a digital dream? Telemed. J. E-Health 23(10), 847–851 (2017)
J.H. López, C.I.S. Fernández, A.R. Mayordomo, D.M. Ramírez, F. Garrachón, P.S. Moya et al., Telemedicina en cirugía maxilofacial. Revista española de cirugía oral y maxilofacial: Publicación Oficial de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial 30(2), 81–89 (2008)
C.I. Salazar-Fernandez, J. Herce, A. Garcia-Palma, J. Delgado, J.F. Martín, T. Soto, Telemedicine as an effective tool for the management of temporomandibular joint disorders. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 70(2), 295–301 (2012)
M. Duka, B. Mihailović, M. Miladinović, A. Janković, B. Vujicić, Evaluation of telemedicine systems for impacted third molars diagnosis. Vojnosanit. Pregl. 66(12), 985–991 (2009)
C. Maspero, A. Abate, D. Cavagnetto, M. El Morsi, A. Fama, M. Farronato, Available technologies, applications and benefits of teleorthodontics. A literature review and possible applications during the COVID-19 pandemic. J. Clin. Med. 9(6) (2020)
T. Squires, D. Michelogiannakis, P.E. Rossouw, F. Javed, An evidence-based review of the scope and potential ethical concerns of teleorthodontics. J. Dent. Educ. (2020)
J. Berndt, P. Leone, G. King, Using teledentistry to provide interceptive orthodontic services to disadvantaged children. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. 134(5), 700–706 (2008)
J. Cook, C. Mullings, R. Vowles, R. Ireland, C. Stephens, Online orthodontic advice: a protocol for a pilot teledentistry system. J. Telemed. Telecare 7(6), 324–333 (2001)
N.A. Mandall, K.D. O’Brien, J. Brady, H.V. Worthington, L. Harvey, Teledentistry for screening new patient orthodontic referrals. Part 1: a randomised controlled trial. Br. Dent. J. 199(10), 659–662, discussion 653 (2005)
J. García Barbero, Traumatología dentaria, in Patología y Terapéutica Dental (Elsevier, 2015), pp. 659–661
R. de Almeida Geraldino, L.V.M.L. Rezende, C.Q. da-Silva, J.C.F. Almeida. Remote diagnosis of traumatic dental injuries using digital photographs captured via a mobile phone. Dent. Traumatol. 33(5), 350–357 (2017)
W. Park, H. Lee, J. Jeong, J. Kwon, G.H. Lee, K. Kim, Optimal protocol for teleconsultation with a cellular phone for dentoalveolar trauma: an in-vitro study. Imaging Sci. Dent. 42(2), 71–75 (2012)
H. Avula, Tele-periodontics—oral health care at a grass root level. J. Indian Soc. Periodontol. 19(5), 589 (2015)
C.B. Staudt, S. Kinzel, S. Hassfeld, W. Stein, H.J. Staehle, C.E. Dörfer, Computer-based intraoral image analysis of the clinical plaque removing capacity of 3 manual toothbrushes. J. Clin. Periodontol. 28(8), 746–752 (2001)
E.R. Hoskin, A.V. Keenan, Can we trust visual methods alone for detecting caries in teeth? Evid. Based Dent. 17(2), 41–42 (2016)
M. Estai, Y. Kanagasingam, B. Huang, J. Shiikha, E. Kruger, S. Bunt et al., Comparison of a smartphone-based photographic method with face-to-face caries assessment: a mobile teledentistry model. Telemed. J. E-Health 23(5), 435–440 (2017)
M.S. AlShaya, M.K. Assery, S.C. Pani, Reliability of mobile phone teledentistry in dental diagnosis and treatment planning in mixed dentition. J. Telemed. Telecare 26(1–2), 45–52 (2020)
W.P. Baker, R.J. Loushine, L.A. West, L.V. Kudryk, J.R. Zadinsky, Interpretation of artificial and in vivo periapical bone lesions comparing conventional viewing versus a video conferencing system. J. Endod. 26(1), 39–41 (2000)
D. Brüllmann, I. Schmidtmann, K. Warzecha, B. d’Hoedt, Recognition of root canal orifices at a distance—a preliminary study of teledentistry. J. Telemed. Telecare 17(3), 154–157 (2011)
E.M. Strehle, N. Shabde, One hundred years of telemedicine: does this new technology have a place in paediatrics? Arch. Dis. Child. 91(12), 956–959 (2006)
D.T. Kopycka-Kedzierawski, C.H. Bell, R.J. Billings, Prevalence of dental caries in Early Head Start children as diagnosed using teledentistry. Pediatr. Dent. 30(4), 329–333 (2008)
R. Amável, R. Cruz-Correia, J. Frias-Bulhosa, Remote diagnosis of children dental problems based on non-invasive photographs—a valid proceeding? Stud. Health Technol. Inform. 150, 458–462 (2009)
B.M. Purohit, A. Singh, A. Dwivedi, Utilization of teledentistry as a tool to screen for dental caries among 12-year-old school children in a rural region of India. J. Public Health Dent. 77(2), 174–180 (2017)
S.W. McLaren, D.T. Kopycka-Kedzierawski, J. Nordfelt, Accuracy of teledentistry examinations at predicting actual treatment modality in a pediatric dentistry clinic. J. Telemed. Telecare 23(8), 710–715 (2017)
J.P. Machado, X.T. Lam, J. Chen, Use of a clinical decision support tool for the management of traumatic dental injuries in the primary dentition by novice and expert clinicians. Dent. Traumatol. 34(2), 120–128 (2018)
F.A. Spitznagel, J. Boldt, P.C. Gierthmuehlen, CAD/CAM ceramic restorative materials for natural teeth. J. Dent. Res. 97(10), 1082–1091 (2018)
E. Ignatius, S. Perälä, K. Mäkelä, Use of videoconferencing for consultation in dental prosthetics and oral rehabilitation. J. Telemed. Telecare 16(8), 467–470 (2010)
H. Nickenig, M. Wichmann, A. Schlegel, S. Eitner, Use of telemedicine for pre-implant dental assessment—a comparative study. J. Telemed. Telecare 14(2), 93–97 (2008)
A. Keeppanasserril, A. Matthew, S. Muddappa, Effectiveness of tele-guided interceptive prosthodontic treatment in rural India: a comparative pilot study. Online J. Public Health Inform. 3(2) (2011)
A. Queyroux, B. Saricassapian, D. Herzog, K. Müller, I. Herafa, D. Ducoux et al., Accuracy of teledentistry for diagnosing dental pathology using direct examination as a gold standard: results of the tel-e-dent study of older adults living in nursing homes. J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. 18(6), 528–532 (2017)
R. Mariño, A. Ghanim, Teledentistry: a systematic review of the literature. J. Telemed. Telecare 19(4), 179–183 (2013)
J. Chen, M.H. Hobdell, K. Dunn, K.A. Johnson, J. Zhang, Teledentistry and its use in dental education. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 134(3), 342–346 (2003)
S.A. AlKlayb, M.K. Assery, A. AlQahtani, M. AlAnazi, S.C. Pani, Comparison of the effectiveness of a mobile phone-based education program in educating mothers as oral health providers in two regions of Saudi Arabia. J. Int. Soc. Prev. Community Dent. 7(3), 110–115 (2017)
H.K. Yuen, C. Pope, Oral home telecare for adults with tetraplegia: a feasibility study. Spec. Care Dentist. 29(5), 204–209 (2009)
W.A. Odendaal, J. Anstey Watkins, N. Leon, J. Goudge, F. Griffiths, M. Tomlinson, K. Daniels, Percepciones y experiencias de los profesionales sanitarios sobre la utilización de tecnologías de mSalud para la prestación de servicios de atención primaria de salud: una síntesis de evidencia cualitativa (2020). Available at: http://www.cochrane.org/es/CD011942/EPOC_percepciones-y-experiencias-de-los-profesionales-sanitarios-sobre-la-utilizacion-de-tecnologias-de. Accessed 28 Jul 2020
D. Pradhan, P. Verma, L. Sharma, T. Khaitan, Knowledge, awareness, and attitude regarding teledentistry among postgraduate dental students of Kanpur city, India: a questionnaire study. J. Educ. Health Promot. 8, 104 (2019)
M. Boringi, S. Waghray, R. Lavanya, D.B.G. Babu, R.K. Badam, N. Harsha, et al., Knowledge and awareness of teledentistry among dental professionals—a cross sectional study. J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 9(8), ZC41–44 (2015)
M. Estai, E. Kruger, M. Tennant, Perceptions of Australian dental practitioners about using telemedicine in dental practice. Br. Dent. J. 220(1), 25–29 (2016)
S.M. Bradley, S. Williams, J. D’Cruz, A. Vania, Profiling the interest of general dental practitioners in West Yorkshire in using teledentistry to obtain advice from orthodontic consultants. Prim. Dent. Care 14(3), 117–122 (2007)
M. Estai, Y. Kanagasingam, D. **ao, J. Vignarajan, S. Bunt, E. Kruger et al., End-user acceptance of a cloud-based teledentistry system and Android phone app for remote screening for oral diseases. J. Telemed. Telecare 23(1), 44–52 (2017)
R. Petcu, C. Kimble, R. Ologeanu-Taddei, I. Bourdon, N. Giraudeau, Assessing patient’s perception of oral teleconsultation. Int. J. Technol. Assess. Health Care 33(2), 147–154 (2017)
N. Rahman, S. Nathwani, T. Kandiah, Teledentistry from a patient perspective during the coronavirus pandemic. Br. Dent. J. (2020)
J.H. Alabdullah, S.J. Daniel, A systematic review on the validity of teledentistry. Telemed. J. E-Health 24(8), 639–648 (2018)
R. Mariño, U. Tonmukayakul, D. Manton, A. Stranieri, K. Clarke, Cost-analysis of teledentistry in residential aged care facilities. J. Telemed. Telecare 22(6), 326–332 (2016)
C.B. da Costa, F.d.S. Peralta, F. de Mello, A. Lúcia Schaefer, How has teledentistry been applied in public dental health services? An integrative review. Telemed. J. E Health 26(7), 945–954 (2020)
Ethical Practice in Telemedicine (2016) Available at: https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/ethics/ethical-practice-telemedicine. Accessed 6 Sep 2020
A. Bhargava, B. Sabbarwal, A. Jaggi, S. Chand, S. Tandon, Teledentistry: a literature review of evolution and ethicolegal aspects. JGOH 2(2), 128–133 (2020)
G. Marta, Telemedicina durante Covid-19: tips legales para el tratamiento de datos personales (2020). Available at: https://www.redaccionmedica.com/opinion/telemedicina-durante-covid-19-tips-legales-para-el-tratamiento-de-datos-personales-7259. Accessed 8 Sep 2020
D.T. Golder, K.A. Brennan, Practicing dentistry in the age of telemedicine. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 131(6), 734–744 (2000)
ADA Policy on Teledentistry (2015). Available at: https://www.ada.org/en/about-the-ada/ada-positions-policies-and-statements/statement-on-teledentistry. Accessed 9 Sep 2020
M. Matej, E-prescription rate U.S. 2019 (2020). Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/864380/share-of-us-e-prescriptions/. Accessed 20 Sep 2020
A. Motulsky, M. Liang, M. Moreault, E. Borycki, A. Kushniruk, C. Sicotte, Evaluation of a nationwide e-Prescribing system. Stud. Health Technol. Inform. 264, 714–718 (2019)
J. Brennan, A. McElligott, N. Power, National health models and the adoption of eHealth and ePrescribing in primary care—new evidence from Europe. BMJ Health Care Inform. 22(4) (2015)
M.T. Baysari, M.Z. Raban, The safety of computerised prescribing in hospitals. Aust. Prescr. 42(4), 136–138 (2019)
A. Porterfield, K. Engelbert, A. Coustasse, Electronic prescribing: improving the efficiency and accuracy of prescribing in the ambulatory care setting. Perspect. Health Inf. Manag. 11(Spring) (2014)
J.I. Westbrook, M.T. Baysari, L. Li, R. Burke, K.L. Richardson, R.O. Day, The safety of electronic prescribing: manifestations, mechanisms, and rates of system-related errors associated with two commercial systems in hospitals. J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc. 20(6), 1159–1167 (2013)
J. Yang, Y. Liao, W. Lin, W. Wu, Prescribing errors in electronic prescriptions for outpatients intercepted by pharmacists and the impact of prescribing workload on error rate in a Chinese tertiary-care women and children’s hospital. BMC Health Serv. Res. 19(1), 1013 (2019)
M.V.d. Vreede, J.d. Clifford, A. McGrath, Staff experience and perceptions of the safety and risks of electronic medication management systems in Victorian public hospitals. J. Pharm. Pract. Res. 48(1), 18–25 (2018)
L.J. Schleiden, O.K. Odukoya, M.A. Chui, Older adults’ perceptions of e-prescribing: impact on patient care. Perspect. Health Inf. Manag. 12, 1d (2015)
K.L. Lapane, C. Dubé, K.L. Schneider, B.J. Quilliam, Patient perceptions regarding electronic prescriptions: is the geriatric patient ready? J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 55(8), 1254–1259 (2007)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pérez González, A., Gallas Torreira, M., Chamorro Petronacci, C.M., Pérez Sayáns, M. (2021). Teledentistry: A New Approach in Dental Medicine. In: Marques, G., Kumar Bhoi, A., de la Torre Díez, I., Garcia-Zapirain, B. (eds) Enhanced Telemedicine and e-Health. Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, vol 410. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70111-6_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70111-6_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-70110-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-70111-6
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)