Abstract
Background: Cognitive screening measures are widely administered in everyday clinical practice in different geriatric settings. Despite the presence of several extended-like screening tests, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) continues to be largely used not only by neuropsychologists, neurologists, and psychiatrists but also by general practitioners and other health-related specialties.
Aim: We herein provide normative data for the MMSE in a large sample of community-dwelling healthy participants aged over 50 years old stratified by age and education.
Material and Methods: The sample included 925 community-dwelling healthy participants (age range: 50–91 years) of both genders (231 males/694 females) with different educational level (range: 1–16 years). Demographic-related effects were examined for the total MMSE score using hierarchical regression analysis; normative data are presented in mean ± standard deviation and percentile ranks and divided into seven overlap** age tables with different midpoints at 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, and 85 years using the overlap** cell procedure.
Results: Initial analysis did not show any effect of gender but revealed significant correlation between age, education, and total MMSE. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that education significantly accounted for 17.3% of the total variance in the MMSE with age adding a significant 7.4% to the final model (adjusted R2 = 0.246, F = 151.872, p < 0.001; age: β = −0.286, p < 0.001; education: β = 0.332, p < 0.001). The sample was stratified according to the overlap** cell procedure with regard to age (age groups: 50–60, 55–65, 60–70, 65–75, 70–80, 75–85, 80–91); four educational levels were considered: 1–5, 6–9, 10–12, and 13–16 years.
Conclusions: Current normative data for the Greek version of the MMSE are provided as a useful set of norms for clinical and research practice.
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We would like to thank all subjects for their willingness to participate in the present study.
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Mougias, A., Christidi, F., Kaldi, M., Kerossi, MI., Athanasouli, P., Politis, A. (2020). Mini-Mental State Examination: Greek Normative Data Stratified by Age and Education in a Large Sample of 925 Community-Dwelling Healthy Participants. In: Vlamos, P. (eds) GeNeDis 2018. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1196. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32637-1_9
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