Abstract
Quick response (QR) code has been used widely because of its advantages, such as, fast reading, error correction, and encoding multiple types of data. More and more researches on the combination of QR and visual cryptography have emerged, but there are few robust visual secret sharing scheme (VSS) for QR code. In this paper, we propose a robust (2, 2) threshold VSS for QR code based on pad codewords. We utilize the bug of no checking on the pad codewords when encoding the QR code, we encode initial shadows shared with secret image as pad codewords of cover QR code images to generate QR code shadows. In this way, the decoding results of shadow QR code images are identical with those of cover QR code images, no doubt arises when shadow images are exposed to the public channel. While a certain degree of damage and noise appearing in the shadow images, the secret can still be revealed, so the scheme is robust, which is important for practice. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our scheme.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number: 61602491) and the Key Program of the National University of Defense Technology (Grant Number: ZK-17-02-07).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Information technology-automatic identification and data capture techniques-bar code symbology-QR code. ISO/IEC
Chen, T.-H., Tsao, K.-H.: Threshold visual secret sharing by random grids. J. Syst. Softw. 84(7), 1197–1208 (2011)
Cheng, Y., Fu, Z., Yu, B.: Improved visual secret sharing scheme for QR code applications. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. PP(99), 1 (2018)
Chow, Y.W., Susilo, W., Tonien, J., Vlahu-Gjorgievska, E., Yang, G.: Cooperative secret sharing using QR codes and symmetric keys. Symmetry 10(4), 95 (2018)
Chow, Y.W., Susilo, W., Yang, G., Phillips, J.G., Pranata, I., Barmawi, A.M.: Exploiting the error correction mechanism in QR codes for secret sharing. In: Australasian Conference on Information Security and Privacy (2016)
Huang, P.C., Chang, C.C., Li, Y.H.: Sudoku-based secret sharing approach with cheater prevention using QR code. Multimedia Tools Appl. (1), 1–20 (2018)
Lin, P.Y.: Distributed secret sharing approach with cheater prevention based on QR code. IEEE Trans. Industr. Inform. 12(1), 384–392 (2016)
Samretwit, D., Wakahara, T.: Measurement of reading characteristics of multiplexed image in QR code. In: International Conference on Intelligent NETWORKING and Collaborative Systems (2011)
Tkachenko, I., Puech, W., Destruel, C., Strauss, O., Gaudin, J.M., Guichard, C.: Two-level QR code for private message sharing and document authentication. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 11(3), 571–583 (2015)
Tuyls, P., Hollmann, H.D., Van Lint, J.H., Tolhuizen, L.M.G.M.: XOR-based visual cryptography schemes. Des. Codes Crypt. 37, 169–186 (2005)
Wan, S., Lu, Y., Yan, X., Liu, L.: Visual secret sharing scheme with (k,n) threshold based on QR codes. In: International Conference on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks (2017)
Wang, G., Liu, F., Yan, W.Q.: 2D barcodes for visual cryptography. Multimedia Tools Appl. 75(2), 1223–1241 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-014-2365-8
Wu, X., Sun, W.: Random grid-based visual secret sharing with abilities of OR and XOR decryptions. J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent. 24(1), 48–62 (2013)
Yan, X., Liu, X., Yang, C.-N.: An enhanced threshold visual secret sharing based on random grids. J. Real-Time Image Proc. 14(1), 61–73 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-015-0540-4
Yan, X., Lu, Y.: Participants increasing for threshold random grids-based visual secret sharing. J. Real-Time Image Proc. 14(1), 13–24 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-016-0639-2
Yan, X., Wang, S., Niu, X.: Threshold construction from specific cases in visual cryptography without the pixel expansion. Sig. Proc. 105, 389–398 (2014)
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number: 61602491) and Key Program of National University of Defense Technology.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Tan, L., Lu, Y., Yan, X., Liu, L., Chen, J. (2020). (2, 2) Threshold Robust Visual Secret Sharing Scheme for QR Code Based on Pad Codewords. In: Yang, CN., Peng, SL., Jain, L. (eds) Security with Intelligent Computing and Big-data Services. SICBS 2018. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 895. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16946-6_50
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16946-6_50
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-16945-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-16946-6
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)