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Stimulation of Neurons with Infrared Radiation

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Biomedical Optics in Otorhinolaryngology

Abstract

The goal for all neuroprostheses is to restore neural function to a condition having the fidelity of a healthy system. However, contemporary neural prostheses are not able to fully achieve this goal. These devices all use electrical current to stimulate the neurons. As determined by the electrode configuration and the electrical tissue properties, the current spreads in the tissue and consequently does not allow precise stimulation of focused neuronal populations, which results in overlap of stimulation fields when neighboring electrode contacts are used. In this book chapter, we present and discuss how photons can be used to overcome some limitations of electrical stimulation. In particular, the content of this text is focused on infrared neural stimulation (INS). Using INS for neural prostheses has its appeal. Many steps are required between technological conception and maturity of an INS-based prosthesis. The steps include biological safety, compatibility, and the engineering of a practicable device.

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Acknowledgments

This project has been funded with federal funds from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, R01 DC011855.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otolaryngology, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, 60611, USA

    Ken Zhao B.S.

  2. Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA

    **aodong Tan Ph.D., Hunter Young B.S. & Claus-Peter Richter M.D., Ph.D.

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  1. Ken Zhao B.S.
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  2. **aodong Tan Ph.D.
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  3. Hunter Young B.S.
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  4. Claus-Peter Richter M.D., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Claus-Peter Richter M.D., Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Facial Plastic Surgery, The Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA

    Brian J.-F. Wong

  2. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Head and Neck Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany

    Justus Ilgner

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Zhao, K., Tan, X., Young, H., Richter, CP. (2016). Stimulation of Neurons with Infrared Radiation. In: Wong, BF., Ilgner, J. (eds) Biomedical Optics in Otorhinolaryngology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1758-7_17

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