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The Present and Future Role of Insect-Resistant Genetically Modified Maize in IPM

  • Chapter
Integration of Insect-Resistant Genetically Modified Crops within IPM Programs

Part of the book series: Progress in Biological Control ((PIBC,volume 5))

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Abstract

Commercial, genetically-modified (GM) maize was first planted in the United States (USA, 1996) and Canada (1997) but now is grown in 13 countries on a total of over 35 million hectares (>24% of area worldwide). The first GM maize plants produced a Cry protein derived from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which made them resistant to European corn borer and other lepidopteran maize pests. New GM maize hybrids not only have resistance to lepidopteran pests but some have resistance to coleopteran pests and tolerance to specific herbicides. Growers are attracted to the Bt maize hybrids for their convenience and because of yield protection, reduced need for chemical insecticides, and improved grain quality. Yet, most growers worldwide still rely on traditional integrated pest management (IPM) methods to control maize pests. They must weigh the appeal of buying insect protection “in the bag” against questions regarding economics, environmental safety, and insect resistance management (IRM). Traditional management of maize insects and the opportunities and challenges presented by GM maize are considered as they relate to current and future insect-resistant products. Four countries, two that currently have commercialize Bt maize (USA and Spain) and two that do not (China and Kenya), are highlighted. As with other insect management tactics (e.g., insecticide use or tillage), GM maize should not be considered inherently compatible or incompatible with IPM. Rather, the effect of GM insect-resistance on maize IPM likely depends on how the technology is developed and used.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA, USA

    Richard L. Hellmich & Jarrad R. Prasifka

  2. Centre Udl-IRTA, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain

    Ramon Albajes

  3. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA

    David Bergvinson

  4. Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Bei**g, China

    Zhen-Ying Wang

  5. Golden Harvest Seeds, Pine River, WI, USA

    Michael J. Weiss

Authors
  1. Richard L. Hellmich
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  2. Ramon Albajes
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  3. David Bergvinson
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  4. Jarrad R. Prasifka
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  5. Zhen-Ying Wang
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  6. Michael J. Weiss
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Correspondence to Richard L. Hellmich .

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  1. Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon Research Station ART, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland

    Jörg Romeis

  2. Department of Entomology, Cornell University/NYSAES, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA

    Anthony M. Shelton

  3. Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7630, USA

    George G. Kennedy

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Hellmich, R.L., Albajes, R., Bergvinson, D., Prasifka, J.R., Wang, ZY., Weiss, M.J. (2008). The Present and Future Role of Insect-Resistant Genetically Modified Maize in IPM. In: Romeis, J., Shelton, A.M., Kennedy, G.G. (eds) Integration of Insect-Resistant Genetically Modified Crops within IPM Programs. Progress in Biological Control, vol 5. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8373-0_5

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