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Pd-based Selective Membrane State-of-the-Art

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Membrane Reactors for Hydrogen Production Processes

Abstract

Dense palladium-based membrane reactors represent as an alternative solution to the conventional systems for pure hydrogen production, assuring important benefits in terms of efficiency and compactness. As a main scope, this chapter will give an overview on the general classification of the membranes, paying particular attention to the palladium-based membranes and their applications, pointing out the most important benefits and the drawback due to their use. Finally, the application of palladium-based membranes in the area of the membrane reactors will be illustrated and such reaction processes in the issue of hydrogen production will be discussed.

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Abbreviations

AASR:

Acetic acid steam reforming

BESR:

Bioethanol steam reforming

CVD:

Chemical vapour deposition

ELP:

Electroless plating deposition

EP:

Electroplating

ESR:

Ethanol steam reforming

EVD:

Electrochemical vapour deposition

FBR:

Fixed bed reactor

GSR:

Glycerol steam reforming

HTR:

High temperature reactor

IUPAC:

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

LTR:

Low temperature reactor

ML:

Molecular layering

MR:

Membrane reactor

MS:

Magnetron sputtering

MSR:

Methane steam reforming

PEMFC:

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell

POM:

Partial oxidation of methane

PSA:

Pressure swing adsorption

PVD:

Physical vapour deposition

SRM:

Methanol steam reforming

WGS:

Water gas shift

WHSV:

Weight hourly space velocity

D :

Diffusion coefficient

d p :

Pore diameter

E a :

Apparent activation energy

G :

Geometrical factor

J :

Flux or permeation rate

\( J_{{{\text{H}}_{2} ,{\text{Sieverts} {-} {\text{Fick}}}}} \) :

Hydrogen flux through the membrane according to Sieverts–Fick law

\( J_{{{\text{H}}_{2} }} \) :

Hydrogen flux through the membrane

J i :

Flux of the i-species across the membrane

J m :

Mass flux

M i :

Molecular weight of the i-species

n :

Dependence factor of the hydrogen flux on the hydrogen partial pressure

p :

Pressure

\( Pe_{{{\text{H}}_{2} }}^{0} \) :

The pre-exponential factor

\( Pe_{{{\text{H}}_{2} }} \) :

The hydrogen permeability

\( p_{{{\text{H}}_{2} ,{\text{perm}}}} \) :

Hydrogen partial pressures at the permeate side

\( p_{{{\text{H}}_{2} ,{\text{ret}}}} \) :

Hydrogen partial pressures at the retentate side

R :

Universal gas constant

T :

Absolute temperature

X :

Coordinate perpendicular to the transport barrier

\( \Updelta H_{{298\,{\text{K}}}}^{\circ } \) :

Enthalpy variation in standard conditions

Δp i :

Pressure difference of species

α :

Ideal separation factor or selectivity

δ :

Membrane thickness

ϕ pore :

Pore diameter

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute on Membrane Technology of National Research Council (ITM-CNR), Via P. Bucci Cubo 17/C c/o University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy

    A. Basile

  2. Faculty of Engineering, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy

    A. Iulianelli

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  1. A. Basile
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  2. A. Iulianelli
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  3. T. Longo
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  4. S. Liguori
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  5. Marcello De Falco
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Correspondence to A. Basile .

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  1. , Faculty of Engineering, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, Rome, 00128, Rome, Italy

    Marcello De De Falco

  2. , Faculty of Engineering, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, Rome, 00128, Rome, Italy

    Luigi Marrelli

  3. Tecnimont-KT S.p.A., Viale Castello della Magliana 75, Roma, 00148, Italy

    Gaetano Iaquaniello

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Basile, A., Iulianelli, A., Longo, T., Liguori, S., De Falco, M. (2011). Pd-based Selective Membrane State-of-the-Art. In: De De Falco, M., Marrelli, L., Iaquaniello, G. (eds) Membrane Reactors for Hydrogen Production Processes. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-151-6_2

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