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Safety Assessment of Probiotics

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Prebiotics and Probiotics Science and Technology

Abstract

Viable microbes have been a natural part of human diet throughout the history of mankind. Today, different fermented foods and other foods containing live microbes are consumed around the world, including industrialized countries, where the diet has become increasingly sterile during the last decades. By definition, probiotics are viable microbes with documented beneficial effects on host health. Probiotics have an excellent safety record, both in humans and in animals. Despite the wide and continuously increasing consumption of probiotics, adverse events related to probiotic use are extremely rare. Many popular probiotic strains such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria can be considered as components of normal healthy intestinal microbiota, and thus are not thought to pose a risk for the host health – in contrast, beneficial effects on health are commonly reported. Nevertheless, the safety of probiotics is an important issue, in particular in the case of new potential probiotics which do not have a long history of safe use, and of probiotics belonging to species for which general assumption of safety cannot be made. Furthermore, safety of probiotics in high-risk populations such as critically ill patients and immunocompromized subjects deserves particular attention, as virtually all reported cases of bacteremia and fungemia associated with probiotic use, involve subjects with underlying diseases, compromised immune system or compromised intestinal integrity.

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Abbreviations

ARDRA :

amplified rDNA restriction analysis

COPD :

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

CVC :

central venous catheter

EFSA :

European Food Safety Authority

FAO :

Food and Agriculture Organization

HIV :

human immunodeficiency virus

LAB :

lactic acid bacteria

LGG :

Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG

MLS :

macrolide, lincosamide and streptrogramin

PCR :

polymerase chain reaction

PFGE :

pulsed field gel electrophoresis

QPS :

qualified presumption of safety

RAPD :

randomly amplified polymorphic dNA

Rep-PCR :

repetitive DNA element-PCR

SPF :

specific pathogen free

WHO :

World Health Organization

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Danisco Finland, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460, Kantvik, Finland

    Sampo J. Lahtinen

  2. Imperial College, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK

    Robert J. Boyle

  3. Margolles, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain

    Abelardo Margolles

  4. Central Animal Laboratory, University of Turku, FIN-20014, Turku, Finland

    Rafael Frias

  5. Instituto de Productos Lacteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain

    Miguel Gueimonde

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  2. Robert J. Boyle
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  3. Abelardo Margolles
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  4. Rafael Frias
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  5. Miguel Gueimonde
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  1. Department of Food Biosciences, University of Reading Whiteknights, Reading, UK

    Dimitris Charalampopoulos  & Robert A. Rastall  & 

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© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

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Lahtinen, S.J., Boyle, R.J., Margolles, A., Frias, R., Gueimonde, M. (2009). Safety Assessment of Probiotics. In: Charalampopoulos, D., Rastall, R.A. (eds) Prebiotics and Probiotics Science and Technology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79058-9_31

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