• 590 Accesses

Abstract

After its discovery in 1932, the neutron and its nuclear reactions started to be thoroughly investigated. During the studies on the capture reaction of neutrons in hydrogenous materials, the emission of a highly penetrating gamma radiation was observed already in 1934 (Amaldi et al. 1934, Lea 1934). This was the first prompt gamma radiation ever detected. Now we know it is the 2223.2487 keV energy prompt gamma ray from the reaction 1H(n,γ)2H.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Amaldi, E., D’agostino, O., Fermi, E., Pontecorvo, B., Segré, E., 1934, Recerca Scientifica, 2, 467.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, D. L., Failey, M. P., Zoller, W. H., Walters, W. B., Gordon, G. E., Lindstrom, R. M., 1981, J. Radioanal. Chem., 63, 97.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Audi, G., Wapstra, A.H., Thibault, C., 2003, Nucl. Phys. A, 729, 337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belgya, T., Molnar, G, Yates, S. W., 1996, Nucl. Phys. A, 607, 43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blaauw, M., Postma, H., Mutti, P., 2003, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A, 505, 508.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Byrne, J., 1994, Neutrons, Nuclei and Matter ( Bristol: Inst. Physics).

    Google Scholar 

  • Byrne, J., 1995, Neutrons, Nuclei and Matter ( Bystrol and Philadelphia: Institute of Physics Publishing).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chrien, R. E., 1984, Neutron Radiative Capture, edited by Allen, B. J., Berggeist, I., Chrien, R. E., Gardner, D. (Oxford: Pergamon), Chapter: Practical Uses of Neutron Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy, p. 187.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clayton, C. G., Schweitzer, J. S., 1993, Nucl. Geophys., 7, 143.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coceva,C., 1994, Il Nuovo Cimento, 107, 85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Comar, D., Crouzel, C., Chasteland, M., Riviere, R., Kellershohn, C., 1969a, Nucl. Applic., 6, 344.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Comar, D., Crouzel, C., Chasteland, M., Riviere, R., Kellershohn, C., 1969b, Modern Trends in Activation Analysis (NBS Spec. Pub. 312),Vol. 1, edited by

    Google Scholar 

  • Devoe, J. R. (Washington, DC: Nat. Bur. Of Stand.), Chapter: The Use of Neutron Capture Gamma Radiations for the Analysis of Biological Samples, p. 114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Currie, L. A., 1968, Anal. Chem., 40, 586.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duffey, D., EL-KADY, A., SENFTLE, F. E., 1970, Nucl. Instrum. Meth., 80, 149.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Firestone, R. B., 2003, Handbook of Nuclear Chemistry, Vol. 2, edited by Vértes, A., Nagy, S., Klencsdr, Z. (Dordrect/Boston/London: Kluwer Academic Publishers), Appendix: Table of Nuclides, p. 417.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gladney, E. S., Curtis, D. B., Jurney, E. T., 1978,1 Radioanal. Chem.,46, 299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood, R. C., Reed, J. H., 1965, Prompt Gamma Rays from Radiative Capture of Thermal Neutrons, Report IITRI-1193-53 (IIT Research Institute).

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood, R. C., 1967, Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc., 10, 28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Groshev, L. V., Demidov, A. M., Lutsenko, V. N., Pelekhov, V. I., 1961, Atlas of the Spectra of Gamma Rays from the Radiative Capture of Thermal Neutrons ( London: Pergamon).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanna, A. G, Brugger, R. M., Glascock, M. D., 1980, Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc., 34, 178.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanna, A. G, Brugger, R. M., Glascock, M. D., 1981, Nucl. Instrum. Meth., 188, 619.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henkelmann, R., Born, H. J., 1973, 1. Radioanal. Chem.,16, 473.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hevesy, G., Levy, H., 1936, Det. Kgl. Danski Videnskabernes Selskab. Mathematisk-Fysiske Meddelelser., 14, 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Higgins, M. D., Truscott, M. G, Shaw, D. M., Bergeron, M., Buffet, G H., Copley, J. R. D., Prestwich, W. V., 1984, Use and Development of Low and Medium Flux Research Reactors, edited by Harling, O. K., Clark, L., von der Hardt, P. (Munich: Thiemig), Chapter: Prompt-Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis at Mcmaster Nuclear Reactor, p. 690.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hogdahl, O. T., 1965, Neutron Absorption in Pile Neutron Activation Analysis: Determination of Cooper and Gold in Silver, Proc. Proceed. Symp. Radiochem. Methods of Anal., Salzburg (IAEA, Vieanna ) p. 23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iaea, 1993, Handbook on Nuclear Data for Borehole Logging and Mineral Analysis (Tr-357) ( Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency).

    Google Scholar 

  • Iaea, 2004, Database of Prompt Gamma Rays from Slow Neutron Capture for Elemental Analyis, IAEATECDOC, ( Vienna: IAEA).

    Google Scholar 

  • Isenhour, T. L., Moriuson, G. H., 1966a, Anal. Chem., 38, 162.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isenhour, T. L., Morrison, G. H., 1966b, Anal. Chem., 38, 167.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JEF2.2, NEA Data Bank, Evaluated Data Library JEF, version 2.2. Documentation of the library in NEA report JEF-234 (1992). available from IAEA Nuclear Data Section; http://www-nds.iaea.or.at/indg_eval_therm.html.

  • Kardan, M. R., Koohi-Fayegh, R., Setayeshi, S., Ghiassi-Nejad, M., 2004, Radiat. Meas., 38, 185.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lea, D. E., 1934, Nature, 133, 24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindstrom, R. M., Anderson, D. L., 1985, Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics - 1984 (Aip Conf Proc. 125), edited by Raman, S. (New York: Am. Inst. Physics), Chapter: Analytical Neutron-Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy: Status and Prospects, p. 810.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindstrom, R. M., Zeisler, R., Rossbach, M., 1987,1 Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.,112, 321.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindstrom, R. M., Zeisler, R., Vincent, D. H., Greenberg, R. R., Stone, C. A., Mackey, E. A., Anderson, D. L., Clark, D. D., 1993,1 Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.-Artic.,167, 121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindstrom, R. M., Yonezawa, C., 1995, Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis, edited by Alfassi, Z. B., Chung, C. (Boca Raton: CRC Press), Chapter: Prompt-Gamma Activation Analysis with Guided Neutron Beams, p. 93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lombard, S. M., Isenhour, T. L., 1969, Anal. Chem., 41, 1113.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lone, M. A., Santry, D. C., Inglis, W. M., 1980, Nucl. Instrum. Meth., 174, 521.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lone, M. A., Leavitt, R. A., Harrison, D. A., 1981, Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables, 26, 511.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lussie, W. G., Brownlee, J. L., JR., 1965, Modern Trends in Activation Analysis, edited by Guinn, J. P. (College Station: Texas AandM), Chapter: The Measurement and Utilization of Neutron-Capture Gamma Radiation, p. 194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maier-Leibnitz, H., 1966, Nukleonik, 8, 61.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marmier, P., Sheldon, E., 1969, Physics of Nuclei and Particles, Vol. 1 ( New York, San Francisco, London: Academic press ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mclane, V., Dunford, C. L., Rose, P. F., 1988, Neutron Cross Section Curves, Vol. 2 ( Boston, San Diego, New York: Academic press, Inc. ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohr, P. J., Taylor, B. N., 2003, The 2002 Codata Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants, Web Version 4.0,(Gaithersburg: National Institute of Standards and Technology). Available: physics.nist.gov/constants

    Google Scholar 

  • Molnar, G L., Belgya, T., Dabolczi, L., Fazekas, B., Révay, Z., Veres, A., Bikit, I., Kis, Z., Ostor, J., 1997,1 Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.,215, 111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Molnar, G. L., 2000, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 244, 27.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mughabghab, S. F., Divadeenam, M., Holden, N. E., 1981, Neutron Cross Sections, Vol. 1, Neutron Resonance Parameters and Thermal Cross Sections, Part A, Z=1-60 ( New York: Academic Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mughabghab, S. F., 1984, Neutron Cross Sections, Vol. 1, Neutron Resonance Parameters and Thermal Cross Sections, Part B, Z=6I-100 ( New York: Academic Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Orphan, V. J., Rasmussen, N. C., 1967, Nucl. Instrum. Meth., 48, 282.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orphan, V. J., Rasmussen, N. C., Harper, T. L., 1970, Line and Continuum Gamma-Ray Yields from Thermal Neutron Capture in 75 Elements,Report DASA 2570 (GA 10278) (Gulf General Atomic).

    Google Scholar 

  • Postma, H., Blaauw, M., Schillebeeckx, P., Lobo, G., Halbertsma, R.B., Nuboer, A.J., 2003, Czech. J. Phys., 53, A233.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Postma, H., Schillerbeckx, P., 2004, 1 Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., Gcíbor Molndr Memorial Issue.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen, N. C., Hukai, Y.,Inouye, T., Orphan, V. J., 1969, Thermal Neutron Capture Gamma-Ray Spectra of the Elements,Report AFCRL-69-0071 (Boston: Massachusetts Institute of Technology).

    Google Scholar 

  • Reedy, R. C., 1978, Proc. 9th Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf, Chapter: Planetary Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy, p. 2961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reedy, R. C., Frankle, S. C., 2002, Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables, 80, 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossbach, M., Zeisler, R., Lindstrom, R.M., 1988, Multipurpose Research Reactors (Vienna: IAEA) Chapter: PGNAA With Cold Neutrons - A Challenge for Chemical Analysis, p. 475.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossbach, M., 1991, Anal. Chem., 63, 2156.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Senftle, F. E., Moore, H. D., Leep, D. B., El-Kady A. A., DUFFEY, D., 1971, Nucl. Instrum. Meth., 93, 425.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steyerl, A., 1977, Springer Tr. Mod. Phys., 80, 57.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tojo, T., Yonezawa, C., Koura, S., Arai, S., Komori, T., 1980, A Neutron Capture Gamma-Ray Facility (JAERI-M 8791),Report JAERI-M 8791 (Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute).

    Google Scholar 

  • Westcott, C. H., 1955, J Nucl. Energy, 2, 59.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yonezawa, C., Wood, A. K. H., Magara, M., Sawahata, S., Hoshi, M., Ito, Y., Tachikawa, E., 1993, Prompt Gamma-Ray Analysis Using JRR-3M Cold and Thermal Neutron Guide Beams, Proc. 5th Internat. Symp. Advanced Nuclear Energy Research (JAERI-M 93-228), Mito, Japan, Vol. 2 (JAERI, Tokai ) p. 854.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yonezawa, C., Magara, M., Sawahata, H., Hoshi, M., Ito, Y., Tachikawa, E., 1995, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 193, 171.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Révay, Z., Belgya, T. (2004). Principles of the PGAA method. In: Molnár, G.L. (eds) Handbook of Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-23359-8_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-23359-8_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-0997-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-23359-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Navigation