Abstract
Family is a major social institution that allows individuals to care for, protect and provide means of sustenance and socialization to its members. It is a bridge between the individual and society. Its study can reveal a lot about human progress. Unfortunately, very few studies are available for the Indian milieu. Modern-day Indian families are changing at multiple levels. The changes can be seen in size, structure, gender roles, lifestyle choices, parenting styles, moving away from the pronatalist bias and choosing alternatives to traditional marriage. That family is affected adversely due to adverse work conditions is well documented in the literature, but what is surprising is that showing prosocial behaviour at a workplace like organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) also may have a detrimental effect on both self and family. The present chapter will discuss the theoretical underpinnings of the negative aspects of OCB and probe into how social support can help employees recognise the resources available to them and transfer those across the domains to be an efficient employee or a better family member thus achieving work–family enrichment in the context of the Indian families and arrive at the optimum OCB levels at their workplace.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adams, R. E., Boscarino, J. A., & Figley, C. R. (2006). Compassion fatigue and psychological distress among social workers: A validation study. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76(1), 103–108. https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.76.1.103
Baard, P. P., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Intrinsic need satisfaction: A motivational basis of performance and well-being in two work settings. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34, 2045–2068. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02690.x
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., de Boer, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2003). Job demands and job resources as predictors of absence duration and frequency. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 62(2), 341–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-8791(02)00030-1
Batson, C. D. (1987). Prosocial motivation: Is it ever truly altruistic? In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (vol. 20, pp. 65–122). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60412-8
Beehr, T. A., Bowling, N. A., & Bennett, M. M. (2010). Occupational stress and failures of social support: When hel** hurts. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15(1), 45–59. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018234
Bergeron, D. M. (2007). The potential paradox of organizational citizenship behavior: Good citizens at what cost? The Academy of Management Review, 32(4), 1078–1095. https://doi.org/10.2307/20159357
Bolino, M. C., & Grant, A. M. (2016). The bright side of being prosocial at work, and the dark side, too: A review and agenda for research on other-oriented motives, behavior, and impact in organizations. Academy of Management Annals, 10(1), 599–670. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2016.1153260
Bolino, M. C., Klotz, A. C., Turnley, W. H., & Harvey, J. (2013). Exploring the dark side of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(4), 542–559. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1847
Bolino, M., & Turnley, W. (2005). The personal costs of citizenship behavior: The relationship between individual initiative and role overload, job stress, and work-family conflict. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4), 740–748. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.4.740
BKPAI. (2012). Report on the status of elderly in select states of India, 2011.
Breton, E. (2019). Modernization and household composition in India, 1983–2009. Population and Development Review, 45(4), 739–766. https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12293
Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., Wayne, J. H., & Grzywacz, J. G. (2006). Measuring the positive side of the work-family interface: Development and validation of a work-family enrichment scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68, 131–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2005.02.002
Chakravorty, S., Goli, S., & James, K. S. (2021). Family demography in India: Emerging patterns and its challenges. SAGE Open, 11(2), 21582440211008176.
Chaudhuri, A., & Roy, K. (2009). Gender differences in living arrangements among older persons in India. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 44(3), 259–277. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909609102897
Dasgupta, S. D. (2002). A framework for understanding women’s use of nonlethal violence in intimate heterosexual relationships. Violence against Women, 8(11), 1364–1389. https://doi.org/10.1177/107780102237408
Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Gagné, M., Leone, D. R., Usunov, J., & Kornazheva, B. P. (2001). Need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in the work organizations of a former eastern bloc country: A cross-cultural study of self-determination. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 930–942. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167201278002
Deelstra, J. T., Peeters, M. C., Schaufeli, W. B., Stroebe, W., Zijlstra, F. R., & van Doornen, L. P. (2003). Receiving instrumental support at work: When help is not welcome. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(2), 324–331. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.2.324
Desai, S., & Andrist, L. (2010). Gender scripts and age at marriage in India. Demography, 47(3), 667–687. https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.0.0118
Dumont, L. (1971). On the nature of caste in India a review symposium on Louis Dumont’s homo hierarchicus: 10 on putative hierarchy and some allergies to it. Contributions to Indian Sociology, 5(1), 58–81. https://doi.org/10.1177/006996677100500111
Eby, L. T., & McManus, S. E. (2004). The protégé’s role in negative mentoring experiences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65(2), 225–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2003.07.001
Edwards, J. R., & Rothbard, N. P. (2000). Mechanisms linking work and family: Clarifying the relationship between work and family constructs. Academy of Management Review, 25, 178–199. https://doi.org/10.2307/259269
Eisenberg, N. (1982). The development of reasoning regarding prosocial behavior. In N. Eisenberg (Ed.), The development of prosocial behavior (pp. 219–249). Academic Press.
Eisenberg, N., & Fabes, R. A. (1998). Prosocial development. In W. Damon (Series Ed.) & N. Eisenberg (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology (vol. 3): Social, Emotional, and Personality Development (vol. 5, 701–778). Wiley.
Frese, M. (1999). Social support as a moderator of the relationship between work stressors and psychological dysfunctioning: A longitudinal study with objective measures. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 4, 179–192. https://doi.org/10.1037//1076-8998.4.3.179
Fung, N. S., Ahmad, A., & Omar, Z. (2014). Work-family enrichment: Its mediating role in the relationships between dispositional factors and job satisfaction. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2(11), 73–88.
Glomb, T. M., Bhave, D. P., Miner, A. G., & Wall, M. (2011). Doing good, feeling good: Examining the role of organizational citizenship behaviors in changing mood. Personnel Psychology, 64(1), 191–223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2010.01206.x
Grant, A. M. (2007). Relational job design and the motivation to make a prosocial difference. Academy of Management Review, 32(2), 393–417. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.24351328
Grant, A. M. (2008). Does intrinsic motivation fuel the prosocial fire? Motivational synergy in predicting persistence, performance, and productivity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(1), 48–58. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.1.48
Grant, A. M., & Sumanth, J. J. (2009). Mission possible? The performance of prosocially motivated employees depends on manager trustworthiness. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(4), 927–944. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014391
Greenhaus, J. H., & Powell, G. N. (2006). When work and family are allies: A theory of work-family enrichment. Academy of Management Review, 31(1), 72–92.
Grover, S. R. (2011). Gynaecological issues in adolescents with disability. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 47(9), 610–613. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.2011.02163.x
Grzywacz, J. G., & Marks, N. F. (2000). Reconceptualizing the work–family interface: An ecological perspective on the correlates of positive and negative spillover between work and family. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(1), 111–126. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.5.1.111
Gupta, D. (1994). Book reviews and notices. Contributions to Indian Sociology, 28(1), 175–178. https://doi.org/10.1177/006996694028001010
Halbesleben, J. R. B., Harvey, J., & Bolino, M. C. (2009). Too engaged? A conservation of resources view of the relationship between work engagement and work interference with family. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(6), 1452–1465. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017595
Hobfoll, S. E. (2001). The influence of culture, community, and the nested-self in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resources theory. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 50, 337–421.
Hobfoll, S. E., & Vaux, A. (1993). Social support: Social resources and social context. In L. Golberger & S. Breznitz (Eds.), Theoretical and clinical aspects (pp. 685–705). Free Press.
Ilardi, B. C., Leone, D., Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1993). Employee and supervisor ratings of motivation: Main effects and discrepancies associated with job satisfaction and adjustment in a factory setting. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23, 1789–1805. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01066.x
Jejeebhoy, S. J., Santhya, K. G., & Sabarwal, S. (2013). Gender-based violence: A qualitative exploration of norms, experiences and positive deviance. Technical report. Population Council. https://doi.org/10.31899/rh3.1013
Kacmar, K. M., Crawford, W. S., Carlson, D. S., Thompson, M. J., & Whitten, D. (2014). A short and valid measure of work-family enrichment. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 19(1), 32–45. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035123
Kaur, R. (2003). Development sociology and the ‘Poverty’ question. The Practice of Sociology (pp. 129–157).
Koopman, J., Lanaj, K., & Scott, B. A. (2016). Integrating the bright and dark sides of OCB: A daily investigation of the benefits and costs of hel** others. The Academy of Management Journal, 59(2), 414–435. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24758296
Lam, C. F., Wan, W. H., & Roussin, C. J. (2016). Going the extra mile and feeling energized: An enrichment perspective of organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(3), 379–391. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000071
Leiter, M. P. (1993). Burnout as a developmental process: Consideration of models. In W. Schaufeli, et al. (Eds.), Professional burnout: Recent development in theory and research (pp. 237–50). Taylor & Francis.
McNall, L. A., Nicklin, J. M., & Masuda, A. D. (2009). A meta-analytic review of the consequences associated with work–family enrichment. Journal of Business Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-009-9141-1.DOI:10.1007/s10869-009-9141-1
Meijman, T. F., & Mulder, G. (1998). Psychological aspects of workload. In P. J. D. Drenth & H. Thierry (Eds.), Handbook of work and organizational psychology, 2 (pp. 5–33). Psychology Press.
Nahum-Shani, I., Bamberger, P. A., & Bacharach, S. B. (2011). Social support and employee well-being: The conditioning effect of perceived patterns of supportive exchange. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 52(1), 123–139. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146510395024
Oakley, B., Knafo, A., Madhavan, G., & Wilson, D. S. (Eds.). (2011). Pathological altruism. Oxford University Press.
Organ, D. W. (2018). Organizational citizenship behavior: Recent trends and developments. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5, 295–306. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104536
Organ, D. W., Podsakoff, P. M. & MacKenzie, S. B. (2006). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature, antecedents, and consequence. SAGE Publications.
Ott-Holland, C., Chang, C. H., Johnson, R. E., & Schaubroeck, J. M. (2012). Moral licensing in the workplace. Paper presented at the 72nd Academy of Management Annual Meeting, Boston, MA
Podsakoff, N., Whiting, S., & Podsakoff, P., & Blume, B. (2009). Individual- and organizational- level consequences of organizational citizenship behaviors: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(1). https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013079
Rajadhyaksha, U., & Smita, S. (2004). Tracing a timeline for work and family research in India. Economics and Political Weekly, 39(17), 1674–1680. https://doi.org/10.2307/4414926
Rajagopal, A. (2001). Politics after Television. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511489051
Ruikar, S., & Abhyankar, S. C. (2015). Perceived social support as a predictor of work-life enrichment. Annamalai International Journal of Business Studies & Research, January, 1(1), 43–52. Impact factor: 2.71. ISSN:0975–749X
Sarason, I. G., Levine, H. M., Basham, R. B., & Sarason, B. R. (1983). Assessing social support: The social support questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(1), 127. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.127
Schultz, P. W., Nolan, J. M., Cialdini, R. B., Goldstein, N. J., & Griskevicius, V. (2007). The constructive, destructive, and reconstructive power of social norms. Psychological Science, 18(5), 429–434. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01917.x
Shukla, J., & Kark, R. (2020). Now you do it, now you don’t: The mixed blessing of creative deviance as a prosocial behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00313
Singh, J. P. (2003). Nuclearisation of household and family in urban India. Sociological Bulletin, 52(1), 53–72. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23620301
Srinivas, M. N. (1956). J.R.D. Tata’s address at Oxford. The Economic Weekly, (August 18): 975–76.
Srinivas, M. N. (1969). India: Social structure. Hindustan Publishing Corporation.
Stephens, C., & Long, N. (2000). Communication with police supervisors and peers as a buffer of work-related traumatic stress. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 407–424. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(200006)21:4%3c407::AID-JOB17%3e3.0.CO;2-N
Thau, S., Derfler-Rozin, R., Pitesa, M., Mitchell, M. S., & Pillutla, M. M. (2015). Unethical for the sake of the group: Risk of social exclusion and pro-group unethical behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(1), 98–113. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036708
Thompson, B. M., Brough, P. A., & Schmidt, H. (2006). Supervisor and subordinate work-family values: Does similarity make a difference? Helen International Journal of Stress Management, 13(1), 45–63. https://doi.org/10.1037/1072-5245.13.1.45
Vanden Broeck, A., Vansteenkiste, M., De Witte, H., & Lens, W. (2008). Explaining the relationships between job characteristics, burnout and engagement: The role of basic psychological need satisfaction. Work and Stress, 22, 277–294. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370802393672
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ruikar, S., Adhye, K., Shah, K. (2024). The Good, the Bad and the Ugly of OCB? The Role of Social Support in Work–Family Enrichment in Contemporary India. In: Patki, S.M., Abhyankar, S.C. (eds) Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) in India. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9688-9_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9688-9_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-9687-2
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-9688-9
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)