Clonic Seizures

A grand mal seizure is a type of generalized tonic-clonic seizure, is characterized by a tonic phase and clonic muscular contractions. They are the seizure forms most feared by patients, relatives, and bystanders. They are frequently accompanied by reduced awareness or total loss of consciousness. Bilateral cortical, subcortical, and brainstem networks of generalized tonic-clonic seizures are immediately activated and involved in their onset. According to reports, 11% of Americans experience seizures at some point in their lifespan. Males are more likely than females to experience acute symptomatic seizures at a ratio of 1.85 to 1, with a lifetime risk of 5.0% in men and 2.7% in women. Seizures result from an imbalance between neurons’ excitement and inhibition. Gene changes or acquired etiologies may result in an imbalance of excitation and inhibition. Genetic diseases can cause dysfunction at multiple levels, including the receptor level (imbalance between excitatory glutamate and...